ANALOG DEVICES AD8216

High Bandwidth, Bidirectional 65 V Difference Amplifier Data Sheet AD8216 FEATURES FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM V+ ±4000 V HBM ESD 6 Ideal for current shunt applications High common-mode voltage range +IN 8 5 OUT −4 V to +65 V operating 1 –IN −40 V to +80 V survival 3 MHz bandwidth AD8216 7 V 1 REF <100 ns output propagation delay Gain: 3 V/V 3 V 2 REF Wide operating temperature range 4 NC Die: −40°C to +150°C 2 8-lead SOIC: −40°C to +125°C GND NC = NO CONNECT Adjustable output offset Figure 1. Available in 8-lead SOIC Excellent ac and dc performance 10 μV/°C offset drift 10 ppm/°C gain drift Qualified for automotive applications APPLICATIONS High-side current sensing in DC-to-dc converters Motor controls Transmission controls Diesel-injection controls Engine management Suspension controls Vehicle dynamic controls GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD8216 is a single-supply, difference amplifier ideal for Excellent ac and dc performance over temperature keep errors amplifying small differential voltages in the presence of large in the measurement loop to a minimum. Offset and gain drift common-mode voltages. The operating input common-mode are guaranteed to a maximum of 20 μV/°C and 15 ppm/°C, respectively. voltage range extends from −4 V to +65 V. The typical supply voltage is 5 V. The AD8216 features a 3 MHz bandwidth, The output offset can be adjusted from 0.06 V to 4.9 V with a allowing for the input-to-output propagation delay that is 5 V supply by using the VREF1 pin and the VREF2 pin. With the always less than 150 ns. This feature is ideal for applications VREF1 pin attached to the V+ pin and the VREF2 pin attached to monitoring rapidly increasing and decreasing load currents. the GND pin, the output is set at half scale. Attaching both V 1 REF The AD8216 is offered in a SOIC package. The operating and V 2 to GND causes the output to be unipolar, starting REF temperature range is −40°C to +125°C. near ground. Attaching both V 1 and V 2 to V+ causes the REF REF output to be unipolar, starting near V+. Other offsets can be obtained by applying an external voltage to VREF1 and VREF2. Rev. B Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Fax: 781.461.3113 ©2007–2011 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 07062-001 AD8216 Data Sheet TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1  Ground Referenced Output ...................................................... 11  Applications....................................................................................... 1  V+ Referenced Output .............................................................. 11  Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1  Bidirectional Operation............................................................. 11  General Description ......................................................................... 1  External ReferenceD Output .................................................... 12  Revision History ............................................................................... 2  Splitting the Supply .................................................................... 12  Specifications..................................................................................... 3  Splitting an External Reference ................................................ 12  Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 4  Applications Information .............................................................. 13  ESD Caution.................................................................................. 4  High-Side Current Sense with a Low-Side Switch................. 13  Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions............................. 5  High-Side Current Sense with a High-Side Switch ............... 13  Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 6  Outline Dimensions....................................................................... 14  Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 10  Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 14  Output Offset Adjustment............................................................. 11  Automotive Products................................................................. 14  Unidirectional Operation.......................................................... 11  REVISION HISTORY 10/11—Rev. A to Rev. B Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 14 Added Automotive Products Section .......................................... 14 9/08—Rev. 0 to Rev. A Changes to Features Section............................................................ 1 Changes to Figure 7.......................................................................... 6 Changes to Figure 21........................................................................ 8 Changes to Table 4 and Figure 25................................................. 11 11/07—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. B | Page 2 of 16 Data Sheet AD8216 SPECIFICATIONS TA = operating temperature range, VS = 5 V, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit GAIN Initial 3 V/V Accuracy VOUT ≥ 0.1 V dc, 25°C ±0.25 % Accuracy Over Temperature Specified temperature range ±0.4 % Gain vs. Temperature 10 15 ppm/°C VOLTAGE OFFSET Offset Voltage, RTI 25°C ±0.5 mV Over Temperature, RTI Specified temperature range ±3 mV Offset Drift ±10 ±20 μV/°C INPUT Input Impedance Differential 400 kΩ Common Mode 200 kΩ Input Voltage Range Common mode, continuous −4 +65 V Differential, VREF1 and VREF2 tied to GND 1.6 V Differential, VREF1 @ GND and VREF2 @ 5 V −800 +800 mV 1 Common-Mode Rejection 25°C, f = dc to 20 kHz 80 90 dB 1 Operating temperature range, f = dc to 20 kHz 80 90 dB OUTPUT Output Voltage Range R = 25 kΩ 0.06 4.9 V L Output Resistance 200 Ω DYNAMIC RESPONSE Small Signal −3 dB Bandwidth 3 MHz Slew Rate 15 V/μs Propagation Delay Input-to-output response 100 150 ns NOISE 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz, RTI 20 μV p-p Spectral Density, 1 kHz, RTI 0.5 μV/√Hz OFFSET ADJUSTMENT 2 Ratiometric Accuracy Divider to supplies 0.499 0.501 V/V Accuracy, RTO Voltage applied to VREF1 and VREF2 in parallel ±0.5 mV/V Output Offset Adjustment Range VS = 5 V 0.06 4.9 V VREF Input Voltage Range 0.0 VS V VREF Divider Resistor Values 24 32 40 kΩ POWER SUPPLY Operating Range 4.5 5.5 V Quiescent Current Over Temperature V = 0.1 V dc 1 2 mA OUT Power Supply Rejection Ratio 70 dB TEMPERATURE RANGE For Specified Performance Operating temperature range −40 +125 °C 1 Source imbalance < 2 Ω. 2 The offset adjustment is ratiometric to the power supply when VREF1 and VREF2 are used as a divider between the supplies. Rev. B | Page 3 of 16 AD8216 Data Sheet ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 2. ESD CAUTION Parameter Rating Supply Voltage 12.5 V Continuous Input Common-Mode Voltage −40 V to +80 V Continuous Input Differential Voltage 6 V Reverse Supply Voltage 0.3 V ESD Rating HBM (Human Body Model) ±4000 V CDM (Charged Device Model) ±1000 V Operating Temperature Range −40°C to +125°C Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C Output Short-Circuit Duration Indefinite Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Rev. B | Page 4 of 16 Data Sheet AD8216 PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS –IN 1 8 +IN 1 8 AD8216 GND 2 7 V 1 REF V 2 3 6 V+ TOP VIEW REF (Not to Scale) NC 4 5 OUT 7 2 NC = NO CONNECT 6 Figure 3. Pin Configuration 3 5 Figure 2. Metallization Diagram Table 3. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. Mnemonic X Y 1 −IN −320 +390 2 GND −357 +14 3 VREF2 −349 −201 4 NC NC NC 5 OUT +348 −325 6 V+ +349 −194 7 V1 +349 −26 REF 8 +IN +318 +390 Die size is 1100 μm by 1035 μm. Die thickness is 13 mil. Minimum passivation opening (minimum bond pad size) is 92 μm × 92 μm. Passivation type is 8 kA USG (Oxide) + 10 kA Oxynitride. Bond pad metal composition is 98.5% Al, 1% Si, and 0.5% Cu. Backside potential is V+. Rev. B | Page 5 of 16 07062-002 07062-003 AD8216 Data Sheet TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 500 20 15 400 10 5 300 0 200 –5 –10 100 –15 0 –20 –25 –100 –30 –35 –200 –40 –300 –45 –50 –400 –55 –500 –60 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 10k 100k 1M 10M TEMPERATURE (°C) FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 4. Typical Offset Drift Figure 7. Typical Small Signal Bandwidth (VOUT = 200 mV p-p) 120 110 INPUT (200mV/DIV) 100 90 80 70 60 OUTPUT (500mV/DIV) 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M TIME (200ns/DIV) FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 5. CMRR vs. Frequency Figure 8. Rise Time 1500 1300 1100 900 700 500 INPUT (200mV/DIV) 300 100 –100 –300 –500 –700 –900 OUTPUT (500mV/DIV) –1100 –1300 –1500 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) TIME (200ns/DIV) Figure 6. Typical Gain Drift Figure 9. Fall Time Rev. B | Page 6 of 16 CMRR (dB) GAIN ERROR (ppm) V (µV) OSI 07062-017 07062-016 07062-021 GAIN (dB) 07062-010 07062-011 07062-015 Data Sheet AD8216 10 8 INPUT (1V/DIV) 6 4 2 OUTPUT (2V/DIV) 0 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (°C) TIME (500ns/DIV) Figure 10. Differential Overload Recovery (Falling) Figure 13. Maximum Output Source Current vs. Temperature 5.0 4.5 4.0 INPUT (1V/DIV) 3.5 3.0 2.5 OUTPUT (2V/DIV) 2.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 OUTPUT SOURCE CURRENT (mA) TIME (500ns/DIV) Figure 14. Output Voltage Range vs. Output Source Current Figure 11. Differential Overload Recovery (Rising) 2.5 8 7 2.0 6 5 1.5 4 1.0 3 2 0.5 1 0 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 OUTPUT SINK CURRENT (mA) TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 12. Maximum Output Sink Current vs. Temperature Figure 15. Output Voltage Range from GND vs. Output Sink Current Rev. B | Page 7 of 16 MAXIMUM OUTPUT SINK CURRENT (mA) 07062-009 07062-008 07062-020 OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE FROM GND (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE (V) MAXIMUM OUTPUT SOURCE CURRENT (mA) 07062-019 07062-006 07062-007 AD8216 Data Sheet 700 B X 600 PROPAGATION DELAY 85ns 500 400 INPUT (50mV/DIV) ZERO CROSSING 300 200 OUTPUT (50mV/DIV) 100 A A X B 0 Y Y 06 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 605 INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) TIME (50ns/DIV) Figure 16. Total Input Bias Current vs. Input Common-Mode Voltage Figure 19. Propagation Delay (Falling) 7 A X 6 PROPAGATION DELAY 110ns 5 4 INPUT (50mV/DIV) 3 ZERO CROSSING 2 1 OUTPUT (50mV/DIV) B A B X 0 Y Y 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.13 0.16 0.19 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.31 0.34 0.37 1.60 DIFFERENTIAL INPUT (V) TIME (50ns/DIV) Figure 17. Output Error (%) vs. Differential Input Voltage Figure 20. Propagation Delay (Rising) (Unidirectional Operation (VREF1 and VREF2 Connected to GND)) 1.0 0.8 8000 0.6 0.4 6000 0.2 0 4000 –0.2 –0.4 2000 –0.6 –0.8 0 –1.0 –15 –10 –5 0 5 –1.0 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 GAIN DRIFT (ppm/°C) INPUT DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE (V) Figure 18. Output Error (%) vs. Differential Input Voltage Figure 21. Gain Drift Distribution (Bidirectional Operation (V 1 and V 2 Connected to 2.5 V)) REF REF Rev. B | Page 8 of 16 OUTPUT ERROR (%) TOTAL INPUT BIAS CURRENT (µA) TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR (%) 07062-039 07062-018 07062-014 COUNT 07062-012 07062-013 07062-037 Data Sheet AD8216 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 –20 –10 0 10 20 OFFSET DRIFT (µV/°C) Figure 22. Offset Drift Distribution Rev. B | Page 9 of 16 COUNT 07062-038 AD8216 Data Sheet THEORY OF OPERATION The AD8216 is a single-supply difference amplifier typically used The reference inputs, VREF1 and VREF2, are tied through resistors to accurately amplify a small differential current shunt voltage in to the positive input of A1, which allows the output offset to be the presence of a rapidly changing common-mode voltage. adjusted anywhere in the output operating range. The gain is 1 V/V from the reference pins to the output when the reference The AD8216 consists of an amplifier (A1), a resistor network, pins are used in parallel. When they are used to divide the supply, a small voltage reference, and a bias circuit (not shown), the gain is 0.5 V/V. see Figure 23. The ratios of R , R , R , and R are trimmed to a high level of A B C F The set of input attenuators preceding A1 consist of R , R , and A B precision to allow the CMRR to exceed 80 dB. This performance is R , which feature a combined series resistance of approximately C accomplished by laser trimming the resistor ratio matching to 200 kΩ ± 20%. The purpose of these resistors is to attenuate the better than 0.01%. input voltage to match the input voltage range of A1. This –IN +IN balanced resistor network attenuates the common-mode signal by a ratio of 1/18. A1 amplifier inputs are held within the power R R A A supply range, even if Pin 1 and Pin 8 exceed the supply or fall A1 V below common (ground). A reference voltage of 250 mV biases OUT the attenuator above ground, which allows the amplifier to R F V 1 R R REF B B R operate in the presence of negative common-mode voltages. REF R R R REF C C The input resistor network also attenuates normal (differential) V 2 REF mode voltages. Therefore, Amplifier A1 features a gain of AD8216 250mV 54 V/V to provide a total system gain of 3V/V. Total Gain (V/V) = 1/18 (V/V) × 54 (V/V) = 3 V/V GND Figure 23. Simplified Schematic Rev. B | Page 10 of 16 07062-028 Data Sheet AD8216 OUTPUT OFFSET ADJUSTMENT V+ REFERENCED OUTPUT The output of the AD8216 can be adjusted for unidirectional or bidirectional operation. The V+ referenced output mode is set when both reference pins are tied to the positive supply. It is typically used when the UNIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION diagnostic scheme requires detection of the amplifier and the Unidirectional operation allows the AD8216 to measure currents wiring before power is applied to the load (see Figure 25). through a resistive shunt in one direction. The basic modes for unidirectional operation are ground referenced output mode V+ and V+ referenced output mode. +IN OUT For unidirectional operation, the output can be set at the –IN negative rail (near ground) or at the positive rail (near V+) when the differential input is 0 V. The output moves to the V 1 REF opposite rail when a correct polarity differential input voltage is AD8216 applied. In this case, full scale is approximately 1.6 V. The required polarity of the differential input depends on the output voltage setting. If the output is set at the positive rail, the input polarity NC 2 V REF GND needs to be negative to move the output down. If the output is set at ground, the polarity is positive to move the output up. NC = NO CONNECT Figure 25. V+ Referenced Output GROUND REFERENCED OUTPUT When using the AD8216 in this mode, both referenced inputs are Table 5. V+ = 5 V tied to ground, which causes the output to sit at the negative rail V (Referred to −IN) V IN OUT when there are zero differential volts at the input (see Figure 24). 0 V 4.9 V −1.6 V 0.1 V V+ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION +IN OUT Bidirectional operation allows the AD8216 to measure currents –IN through a resistive shunt in two directions. V 1 REF In this case, the output is set anywhere within the output range. AD8216 Typically, it is set at half scale for equal range in both directions. In some cases, however, it is set at a voltage other than half scale when the bidirectional current is nonsymmetrical. NC V 2 REF GND Table 6. V+ = 5 V, VOUT = 2.5 V with VIN = 0 V NC = NO CONNECT VIN (Referred to −IN) VOUT +800 mV 4.9 V Figure 24. Ground Referenced Output −800 mV 0.1V Table 4. V+ = 5 V V (Referred to −IN) V Adjusting the output is accomplished by applying voltage(s) to IN OUT the referenced inputs. 0 V 0.1 V 1.6 V 4.8 V V 1 and V 2 are tied to internal resistors that connect to an REF REF internal offset node. There is no operational difference between the pins. Rev. B | Page 11 of 16 07062-029 07062-030 AD8216 Data Sheet EXTERNAL REFERENCED OUTPUT Tying both pins together and to a reference produces an output V+ +IN equal to the reference voltage when there is no differential input OUT (see Figure 26). The output moves down from the reference –IN voltage when the input is negative, relative to the −IN pin, and up when the input is positive, relative to the −IN pin. V 1 REF AD8216 V+ +IN NC V 2 REF OUT GND –IN NC = NO CONNECT V 1 REF Figure 27. Split Supply AD8216 VOLTAGE 2.5V REFERENCE SPLITTING AN EXTERNAL REFERENCE In this case, an external reference is divided by 2 with an NC V 2 REF GND accuracy of approximately 0.5% by connecting one VREF pin to ground and the other VREF pin to the reference (see Figure 28). NC = NO CONNECT Figure 26. External Referenced Output V+ +IN SPLITTING THE SUPPLY OUT –IN By tying one reference pin to V+ and the other to the ground pin, the output is set at half of the supply when there is no differential input (see Figure 27). The benefit is that no external V 1 REF VOLTAGE AD8216 5V reference is required to offset the output for bidirectional current REFERENCE measurement. This configuration creates a midscale offset that is ratiometric to the supply, which means that if the supply increases NC V 2 REF or decreases, the output remains at half the supply. For example, if GND the supply is 5.0 V, the output is at half scale or 2.5 V. If the supply NC = NO CONNECT increases by 10% (to 5.5 V), the output goes to 2.75 V. Figure 28. Split External Reference Rev. B | Page 12 of 16 07062-031 07062-032 07062-033 Data Sheet AD8216 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION A typical application for the AD8216 is high-side measurement When using a high-side switch, the battery voltage is connected of a current through a solenoid for PWM control of the solenoid to the load when the switch is closed, causing the common- opening. Typical applications include dc-to-dc converters, mode voltage to increase to the battery voltage. In this case, motor controls, and solenoid controls. when the switch is opened, the voltage reversal across the inductive load causes the common-mode voltage to be held Two typical circuit configurations are used for this type of one diode drop below ground by the clamp diode. application. 5V HIGH-SIDE CURRENT SENSE WITH A LOW-SIDE SWITCH SWITCH 42V In this case, the PWM control switch is ground referenced. An +IN V 1 V+ OUT REF BATTERY inductive load (solenoid) is tied to a power supply. A resistive SHUNT AD8216 shunt is placed between the switch and the load (see Figure 29). –IN GND V 2 NC REF CLAMP An advantage of placing the shunt on the high side is that the DIODE entire current, including the recirculation current, can be INDUCTIVE measured because the shunt remains in the loop when the LOAD switch is off. In addition, diagnostics can be enhanced because NC = NO CONNECT shorts to ground can be detected with the shunt on the high side. Figure 30. High-Side Switch In this circuit configuration, when the switch is closed, the Another typical application for the AD8216 is as part of the common-mode voltage moves down to near the negative rail. control loop in H-bridge motor controls. In this case, the AD8216 When the switch is opened, the voltage reversal across the is placed in the middle of the H-bridge so that it can accurately inductive load causes the common-mode voltage to be held measure current in both directions by using the shunt available one diode drop above the battery by the clamp diode. at the motor (see Figure 31). This is a better solution than a 5V ground referenced op amp because ground is not typically a INDUCTIVE stable reference voltage in this type of application. This instability LOAD CLAMP DIODE in the ground reference causes the measurements that could be made with a simple ground referenced op amp to be inaccurate. 42V +IN V 1 V+ OUT REF BATTERY The AD8216 measures current in both directions as the H-bridge SHUNT AD8216 switches and the motor changes direction. The output of the –IN GND V 2 NC REF AD8216 is configured in an external reference bidirectional mode (see the Output Offset Adjustment section). SWITCH CONTROLLER 5V NC = NO CONNECT Figure 29. Low-Side Switch MOTOR +IN V 1 V+ OUT REF HIGH-SIDE CURRENT SENSE WITH A HIGH-SIDE AD8216 SHUNT SWITCH –IN GND V 2 NC REF 5V This configuration minimizes the possibility of unexpected solenoid activation and excessive corrosion (see Figure 30). In 2.5V this case, both the switch and the shunt are on the high side. NC = NO CONNECT When the switch is off, it removes the battery from the load, Figure 31. Motor Control Application which prevents damage from potential shorts to ground, while still allowing the recirculating current to be measured and providing for diagnostics. Removing the power supply from the load for the majority of the time minimizes the corrosive effects that could be caused by the differential voltage between the load and ground. Rev. B | Page 13 of 16 07062-034 07062-035 07062-036 AD8216 Data Sheet OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 5.00(0.1968) 4.80(0.1890) 85 6.20(0.2441) 4.00(0.1574) 1 5.80(0.2284) 3.80(0.1497) 4 1.27(0.0500) 0.50(0.0196) 45° BSC 1.75(0.0688) 0.25(0.0099) 1.35(0.0532) 0.25(0.0098) 8° 0.10(0.0040) 0° COPLANARITY 0.51(0.0201) 1.27(0.0500) 0.10 0.31(0.0122) 0.25(0.0098) SEATING 0.40(0.0157) PLANE 0.17(0.0067) COMPLIANTTOJEDECSTANDARDSMS-012-AA CONTROLLINGDIMENSIONSAREINMILLIMETERS;INCHDIMENSIONS (INPARENTHESES)AREROUNDED-OFFMILLIMETEREQUIVALENTSFOR REFERENCEONLYANDARENOTAPPROPRIATEFORUSEINDESIGN. Figure 32. 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N] Narrow Body (R-8) Dimensions shown in millimeters and (inches) ORDERING GUIDE 1, 2 Model Temperature Range Package Description Package Option AD8216YRZ −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead SOIC_N R-8 AD8216YRZ-RL −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead SOIC_N, 13” Tape and Reel R-8 AD8216YRZ-R7 −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead SOIC_N, 7” Tape and Reel R-8 AD8216WYRZ −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead SOIC_N R-8 AD8216WYRZ-RL −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead SOIC_N, 13” Tape and Reel R-8 AD8216WYRZ-R7 −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead SOIC_N, 7” Tape and Reel R-8 1 Z = RoHS Compliant Part. 2 W = Qualified for Automotive Applications. AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS The AD8216W models are available with controlled manufacturing to support the quality and reliability requirements of automotive applications. Note that these automotive models may have specifications that differ from the commercial models; therefore, designers should review the Specifications section of this data sheet carefully. Only the automotive grade products shown are available for use in automotive applications. Contact your local Analog Devices account representative for specific product ordering information and to obtain the specific Automotive Reliability reports for these models. Rev. B | Page 14 of 16 012407-A Data Sheet AD8216 NOTES Rev. B | Page 15 of 16 AD8216 Data Sheet NOTES ©2007–2008 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D07062-0-9/08(A) Rev. B | Page 16 of 16