ANALOG DEVICES AD7840

2 LC MOS a Complete 14-Bit DAC AD7840 FEATURES FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Complete 14-Bit Voltage Output DAC Parallel and Serial Interface Capability 80 dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio Interfaces to High Speed DSP Processors e.g., ADSP-2100, TMS32010, TMS32020 45 ns min WR Pulse Width Low Power – 70 mW typ. Operates from 65 V Supplies GENERAL DESCRIPTION PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS The AD7840 is a fast, complete 14-bit voltage output D/A con- 1. Complete 14-Bit D/A Function verter. It consists of a 14-bit DAC, 3 V buried Zener reference, The AD7840 provides the complete function for creating ac DAC output amplifier and high speed control logic. signals and dc voltages to 14-bit accuracy. The part features an on-chip reference, an output buffer amplifier and 14-bit The part features double-buffered interface logic with a 14-bit D/A converter. input latch and 14-bit DAC latch. Data is loaded to the input latch in either of two modes, parallel or serial. This data is then 2. Dynamic Specifications for DSP Users transferred to the DAC latch under control of an asynchronous In addition to traditional dc specifications, the AD7840 is LDAC signal. A fast data setup time of 21 ns allows direct specified for ac parameters including signal-to-noise ratio and parallel interfacing to digital signal processors and high speed harmonic distortion. These parameters along with important 16-bit microprocessors. In the serial mode, the maximum serial timing parameters are tested on every device. data clock rate can be as high as 6 MHz. 3. Fast, Versatile Microprocessor Interface The analog output from the AD7840 provides a bipolar output The AD7840 is capable of 14-bit parallel and serial interfac- range of ±3 V. The AD7840 is fully specified for dynamic per- ing. In the parallel mode, data setup times of 21 ns and write formance parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio and harmonic pulse widths of 45 ns make the AD7840 compatible with distortion as well as for traditional dc specifications. Full power modern 16-bit microprocessors and digital signal processors. output signals up to 20 kHz can be created. In the serial mode, the part features a high data transfer rate of 6 MHz. The AD7840 is fabricated in linear compatible CMOS 2 (LC MOS), an advanced, mixed technology process that com- bines precision bipolar circuits with low power CMOS logic. The part is available in a 24-pin plastic and hermetic dual-in-line package (DIP) and is also packaged in a 28-termi- nal plastic leaded chip carrier (PLCC). REV. B Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Tel: 617/329-4700 Fax: 617/326-8703 (V = +5 V 6 5%, V = –5 V 6 5%, AGND = DGND = O V, REF IN = +3 V, R = 2 kV, DD SS L AD7840–SPECIFICATIONS C = 100 pF. All specifications T to T unless othewise noted.) L MIN MAX 1 1 1 Parameter J, A K, B S Units Test Conditions/Comments 2 DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE 3 Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) 76 78 76 dB min V = 1 kHz Sine Wave, f = 100 kHz OUT SAMPLE 4 Typically 82 dB at +25°C for 0 < V < 20 kHz OUT Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) –78 –80 –78 dB max V = 1 kHz Sine Wave, f = 100 kHz OUT SAMPLE 4 Typically –84 dB at +25°C for 0 < V < 20 kHz OUT Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise –78 –80 –78 dB max V = 1 kHz Sine Wave, f = 100 kHz OUT SAMPLE 4 Typically –84 dB at +25°C for 0 < V < 20 kHz OUT DC ACCURACY Resolution 14 14 14 Bits Integral Nonlinearity ±2 ±1 ±2 LSB max Differential Nonlinearity ±0.9 ±0.9 ±0.9 LSB max Guaranteed Monotonic Bipolar Zero Error ±10 ±10 ±10 LSB max 5 Positive Full Scale Error ±10 ±10 ±10 LSB max 5 Negative Full Scale Error ±10 ±10 ±10 LSB max 6 REFERENCE OUTPUT REF OUT @ +25°C 2.99 2.99 2.99 V min 3.01 3.01 3.01 V max REF OUT TC ±60 ±60 ±60 ppm/°C max Reference Load Change (ΔREF OUT vs. ΔI) –1 –1 –1 mV max Reference Load Current Change (0–500 μA) REFERENCE INPUT Reference Input Range 2.85 2.85 2.85 V min 3 V ± 5% 3.15 3.15 3.15 V max Input Current 50 50 50 μA max LOGIC INPUTS Input High Voltage, V 2.4 2.4 2.4 V min V = 5 V ± 5% INH DD Input Low Voltage, V 0.8 0.8 0.8 V max V = 5 V ± 5% INL DD Input Current, I ±10 ±10 ±10 μA max V = 0 V to V IN IN DD Input Current (CS Input Only) ±10 ±10 ±10 μA max V =V to V IN SS DD 7 Input Capacitance, C 10 10 10 pF max IN ANALOG OUTPUT Output Voltage Range ±3 ±3 ±3 V nom DC Output Impedance 0.1 0.1 0.1 Ω typ Short-Circuit Current 20 20 20 mA typ 7 AC CHARACTERISTICS Voltage Output Settling Time Settling Time to within ±1/2 LSB of Final Value Positive Full-Scale Change 4 4 4 μs max Typically 2 μs Negative Full-Scale Change 4 4 4 μs max Typically 2.5 μs Digital-to-Analog Glitch Impulse 10 10 10 nV secs typ Digital Feedthrough 2 2 2 nV secs typ POWER REQUIREMENTS V +5 +5 +5 V nom ±5% for Specified Performance DD V –5 –5 –5 V nom ±5% for Specified Performance SS I 14 14 15 mA max Output Unloaded, SCLK = +5 V. Typically 10 mA DD I 6 6 7 mA max Output Unloaded, SCLK = +5 V. Typically 4 mA SS Power Dissipation 100 100 110 mW max Typically 70 mW NOTES 1 Temperature ranges are as follows: J, K Versions, 0°C to +70°C; A, B Versions, –25°C to +85°C; S Version, –55°C to +125°C. 2 V (pk-pk) = ±3 V OUT 3 SNR calculation includes distortion and noise components. 4 Using external sample-and-hold (see Testing the AD7840). 5 Measured with respect to REF IN and includes bipolar offset error. 6 For capacitive loads greater than 50 pF, a series resistor is required (see Internal Reference section). 7 Sample tested @ +25°C to ensure compliance. Specifications subject to change without notice. –2– REV. B AD7840 1, 2 TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (V = +5 V 6 5%, V = –5 V 6 5%, AGND = DGND = 0 V.) DD SS Limit at T , T Limit at T , T MIN MAX MIN MAX Parameter (J, K, A, B Versions) (S Version) Units Conditions/Comments t 0 0 ns min CS to WR Setup Time 1 t 0 0 ns min CS to WR Hold Time 2 t 45 50 ns min WR Pulse Width 3 t 21 28 ns min Data Valid to WR Setup Time 4 t 10 15 ns min Data Valid to WR Hold Time 5 t 40 40 ns min LDAC Pulse Width 6 t 50 50 ns min SYNC to SCLK Falling Edge 7 3 t 150 200 ns min SCLK Cycle Time 8 t 30 40 ns min Data Valid to SCLK Setup Time 9 t 75 100 ns min Data Valid to SCLK Hold Time 10 t 75 100 ns min SYNC to SCLK Hold Time 11 NOTES 1 Timing specifications in bold print are 100% production tested. All other times are sample tested at +25°C to ensure compliance. All input signals are specified with tr = tf = 5 ns (10% to 90% of 5 V) and timed from a voltage level of 1.6 V. 2 See Figures 6 and 8. 3 SCLK mark/space ratio is 40/60 to 60/40. Specifications subject to change without notice. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* ORDERING GUIDE V to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V DD Integral V to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +0.3 V to –7 V SS Temperature SNR Nonlinearity Package AGND to DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to V + 0.3 V 1 2 DD Model Range (dB) (LSB) Option V to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V to V OUT SS DD AD7840JN 0°C to +70°C 78 min ±2 max N-24 REF OUT to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 V to V DD AD7840KN 0°C to +70°C 80 min ±1 max N-24 REF IN to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to V + 0.3 V DD AD7840JP 0°C to +70°C 78 min ±2 max P-28A Digital Inputs to DGND . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to V + 0.3 V DD AD7840KP 0°C to +70°C 80 min ±1 max P-28A Operating Temperature Range AD7840AQ –25°C to +85°C 78 min ±2 max Q-24 Commercial (J, K Versions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0°C to +70°C AD7840ARS –25°C to +85°C 78 min ±2 max RS-24 Industrial (A, B Versions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –25°C to +85°C AD7840BQ –25°C to +85°C 80 min ±1 max Q-24 Extended (S Version) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –55°C to +125°C 3 AD7840SQ –55°C to +125°C 78 min ±2 max Q-24 Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . +300°C NOTES 1 Power Dissipation (Any Package) to +75°C . . . . . . . . 450 mW To order MIL-STD-883, Class B processed parts, add /883B to part number. Contact your local sales office for military data sheet and availability. Derates above +75°C by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 mW/°C 2 N = Plastic DIP; P = Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier; Q = Cerdip. *Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause 3 This grade will be available to /883B processing only. permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily WARNING! accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the AD7840 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. REV. B –3– AD7840 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION DIP Pin Pin No. Mnemonic Function 1 CS/SERIAL Chip Select/Serial Input. When driven with normal logic levels, it is an active low logic input which is used in conjunction with WR to load parallel data to the input latch. For applications where CS is perma- nently low, an R, C is required for correct power-up (see LDAC input). If this input is tied to V , it de- SS fines the AD7840 for serial mode operation. 2 WR/SYNC Write/Frame Synchronization Input. In the parallel data mode, it is used in conjunction with CS to load parallel data. In the serial mode of operation, this pin functions as a Frame Synchronization pulse with se- rial data expected after the falling edge of this signal. 3 D13/SDATA Data Bit 13(MSB)/Serial Data. When parallel data is selected, this pin is the D13 input. In serial mode, SDATA is the serial data input which is used in conjunction with SYNC and SCLK to transfer serial data to the AD7840 input latch. 4 D12/SCLK Data Bit 12/Serial Clock. When parallel data is selected, this pin is the D12 input. In the serial mode, it is the serial clock input. Serial data bits are latched on the falling edge of SCLK when SYNC is low. 5 D11/FORMAT Data Bit 11/Data Format. When parallel data is selected, this pin is the D11 input. In serial mode, a Logic 1 on this input indicates that the MSB is the first valid bit in the serial data stream. A Logic 0 indicates that the LSB is the first valid bit (see Table I). 6 D10/JUSTIFY Data Bit 10/Data Justification. When parallel data is selected, this pin is the D10 input. In serial mode, this input controls the serial data justification (see Table I). 7–11 D9–D5 Data Bit 9 to Data Bit 5. Parallel data inputs. 12 DGND Digital Ground. Ground reference for digital circuitry. 13–16 D4–D1 Data Bit 4 to Data Bit 1. Parallel data inputs. 17 D0 Data Bit 0 (LSB). Parallel data input. 18 V Positive Supply, +5 V ± 5%. DD 19 AGND Analog Ground. Ground reference for DAC, reference and output buffer amplifier. 20 V Analog Output Voltage. This is the buffer amplifier output voltage. Bipolar output range (±3 V with REF OUT IN = +3 V). 21 V Negative Supply Voltage, –5 V ± 5%. SS 22 REF OUT Voltage Reference Output. The internal 3 V analog reference is provided at this pin. To operate the AD7840 with internal reference, REF OUT should be connected to REF IN. The external load capability of the reference is 500 μA. 23 REF IN Voltage Reference Input. The reference voltage for the DAC is applied to this pin. It is internally buffered before being applied to the DAC. The nominal reference voltage for correct operation of the AD7840 is 3 V. 24 LDAC Load DAC. Logic Input. A new word is loaded into the DAC latch from the input latch on the falling edge of this signal (see Interface Logic Information section). The AD7840 should be powered-up with LDAC high. For applications where LDAC is permanently low, an R, C is required for correct power-up (see Figure 19). Table I. Serial Data Modes –4– REV. B AD7840 PIN CONFIGURATIONS DIP/SSOP PLCC D/A SECTION for external use, it should he decoupled to AGND with a 200 Ω The AD7840 contains a 14-bit voltage mode D/A converter resistor in series with a parallel combination of a 10 μF tantalum consisting of highly stable thin film resistors and high speed capacitor and a 0.1 μF ceramic capacitor. NMOS single-pole, double-throw switches. The simplified cir- cuit diagram for the DAC section is shown in Figure 1. The three MSBs of the data word are decoded to drive the seven switches A–G. The 11 LSBs switch an 11-bit R-2R ladder struc- ture. The output voltage from this converter has the same polar- ity as the reference voltage, REF IN. The REF IN voltage is internally buffered by a unity gain ampli- fier before being applied to the D/A converter and the bipolar bias circuitry. The D/A converter is configured and sealed for a 3 V reference and the device is tested with 3 V applied to REF IN. Operating the AD7840 at reference voltages outside the ±5% tolerance range may result in degraded performance from Figure 2. Internal Reference the part. EXTERNAL REFERENCE In some applications, the user may require a system reference or some other external reference to drive the AD7840 reference in- put. Figure 3 shows how the AD586 5 V reference can be con- ditioned to provide the 3 V reference required by the AD7840 REF IN. An alternate source of reference voltage for the AD7840 in systems which use both a DAC and an ADC is to use the REF OUT voltage of ADCs such as the AD7870 and AD7871. A circuit showing this arrangement is shown in Figure 20. Figure 1. DAC Ladder Structure INTERNAL REFERENCE The AD7840 has an on-chip temperature compensated buried Zener reference (see Figure 2) which is factory trimmed to 3 V ±10 mV. The reference voltage is provided at the REF OUT pin. This reference can be used to provide both the reference voltage for the D/A converter and the bipolar bias circuitry. This is achieved by connecting the REF OUT pin to the REF IN pin of the device. The reference voltage can also be used as a reference for other components and is capable of providing up to 500 μA to an ex- ternal load. The maximum recommended capacitance on REF OUT for normal operation is 50 pF. If the reference is required Figure 3. AD586 Driving AD7840 REF IN REV. B –5– AD7840 OP AMP SECTION Table II. Ideal Input/Output Code Table The output from the voltage mode DAC is buffered by a DAC Latch Contents noninverting amplifier. Internal scaling resistors on the AD7840 MSB LSB Analog Output, V * OUT configure an output voltage range of ±3 V for an input reference voltage of +3 V. The arrangement of these resistors around the 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 +2.999634 V output op amp is as shown in Figure 1. The buffer amplifier is 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 +2.999268 V capable of developing ±3 V across a 2 kΩ and 100 pF load to 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 +0.000366 V ground and can produce 6 V peak-to-peak sine wave signals to a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V frequency of 20 kHz. The output is updated on the falling edge 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 –0.000366 V of the LDAC input. The amplifier settles to within 1/2 LSB of 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 –2.999634 V its final value in typically less than 2.5 μs. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –3 V The small signal (200 mV p-p) bandwidth of the output buffer *Assuming REF IN = +3 V. amplifier is typically 1 MHz. The output noise from the ampli- The output voltage can be expressed in terms of the input code, fier is low with a figure of 30 nV/√Hz at a frequency of 1 kHz. N, using the following expression: The broadband noise from the amplifier exhibits a typical peak- to-peak figure of 150 μV for a 1 MHz output bandwidth. Figure 2 × N × REFIN V = − 8192 ≤ N ≤+8191 4 shows a typical plot of noise spectral density versus frequency OUT 16384 for the output buffer amplifier and for the on-chip reference. INTERFACE LOGIC INFORMATION The AD7840 contains two 14-bit latches, an input latch and a DAC latch. Data can be loaded to the input latch in one of two basic interface formats. The first is a parallel 14-bit wide data word; the second is a serial interface where 16 bits of data are serially clocked into the input latch. In the parallel mode, CS and WR control the loading of data. When the serial data format is selected, data is loaded using the SCLK, SYNC and SDATA serial inputs. Data is transferred from the input latch to the DAC latch under control of the LDAC signal. Only the data in the DAC latch determines the analog output of the AD7840. Parallel Data Format Table III shows the truth table for AD7840 parallel mode op- eration. The AD7840 normally operates with a parallel input data format. In this case, all 14 bits of data (appearing on data inputs D13 (MSB) through D0 (LSB)) are loaded to the Figure 4. Noise Spectral Density vs. Frequency AD7840 input latch at the same time. CS and WR control the loading of this data. These control signals are level-triggered; TRANSFER FUNCTION therefore, the input latch can be made transparent by holding The basic circuit configuration for the AD7840 is shown in Fig- both signals at a logic low level. Input data is latched into the in- ure 5. Table II shows the ideal input code to output voltage re- put latch on the rising edge of CS or WR. lationship for this configuration. Input coding to the DAC is 2s The DAC latch is also level triggered. The DAC output is nor- complement with 1 LSB = FS/16,384 = 6 V/16,384 = 366 μV. mally updated on the falling edge of the LDAC signal. However, both latches cannot become transparent at the same time. Therefore, if LDAC is hardwired low, the part operates as fol- lows; with LDAC low and CS and WR high, the DAC latch is transparent. When CS and WR go low (with LDAC still low), the input latch becomes transparent but the DAC latch is dis- abled. When CS or WR return high, the input latch is locked out and the DAC latch becomes transparent again and the DAC output is updated. The write cycle timing diagram for parallel data is shown in Figure 6. Figure 7 shows the simplified parallel input control logic for the AD7840. Figure 5. AD7840 Basic Connection Diagram –6– REV. B AD7840 Table III. Parallel Mode Truth Table Serial Data Format The serial data format is selected for the AD7840 by connecting CS WR LDAC Function the CS/SERIAL line to –5 V. In this case, the WR/SYNC, D13/SDATA, D12/SCLK, D11/FORMAT and D10/JUSTIFY HX H Both Latches Latched pins all assume their serial functions. The unused parallel inputs } XH H should not be left unconnected to avoid noise pickup. Serial L L H Input Latch Transparent data is loaded to the input latch under control of SCLK, SYNC HH L Input Latch Latched and SDATA. The AD7840 expects a 16-bit stream of serial data H X L DAC Latch Transparent } on its SDATA input. Serial data must be valid on the falling X H L Analog Output Updated edge of SCLK. The SYNC input provides the frame synchroni- ff L Input Latch Transparent zation signal which tells the AD7840 that valid serial data will DAC Latch Data Transfer Inhibited be available for the next 16 falling edges of SCLK. Figure 8 L g L Input Latch Is Latched shows the timing diagram for serial data format. } g L DAC Latch Data Transfer Occurs X = Don’t Care Figure 6. Parallel Mode Timing Diagram Figure 8. Serial Mode Timing Diagram Although 16 bits of data are clocked into the AD7840, only 14 bits go into the input latch. Therefore, two bits in the stream are don’t cares since their value does not affect the input latch data. The order and position in which the AD7840 accepts the 14 bits of input data depends upon the FORMAT and JUSTIFY in- puts. There are four different input data modes which can be chosen (see Table I in the Pin Function Description section). Figure 7. AD7840 Simplified Parallel Input Control Logic The first mode (M1) assumes that the first two bits of the input data stream are don’t cares, the third bit is the LSB and the last (or 16th bit) is the MSB. This mode is chosen by tying both the FORMAT and JUSTIFY pins to a logic 0. The second mode (M2; FORMAT = 0, JUSTIFY = 1) assumes that the first bit in the data stream is the LSB, the fourteenth bit is the MSB and the last two bits are don’t cares. The third mode (M3; FORMAT= 1, JUSTIFY 0) assumes that the first two bits in the stream are again don’t cares, the third bit is now the MSB and the sixteenth bit is the LSB. The final mode (M4; FOR- MAT = 1, JUSTIFY= 1) assumes that the first bit is the MSB, the fourteenth bit is the LSB and the last two bits of the stream are don’t cares. REV. B –7– AD7840 As in the parallel mode, the LDAC signal controls the loading this graph is 81.8 dB. It should be noted that the harmonics are of data to the DAC latch. Normally, data is loaded to the DAC taken into account when calculating the SNR. latch on the falling edge of LDAC. However, if LDAC is held low, then serial data is loaded to the DAC latch on the sixteenth falling edge of SCLK. If LDAC goes low during the transfer of serial data to the input latch, no DAC latch update takes place on the falling edge of LDAC. If LDAC stays low until the serial transfer is completed, then the update takes place on the six- teenth falling edge of SCLK. If LDAC returns high before the serial data transfer is completed, no DAC latch update takes place. Figure 9 shows the simplified serial input control logic for the AD7840. Figure 10. AD7840 FFT Plot Effective Number of Bits The formula given in (1) relates the SNR to the number of bits. Rewriting the formula, as in (2) it is possible to get a measure of performance expressed in effective number of bits (N). SNR − 1.76 N = (2) 6.02 Figure 9. AD7840 Simplified Serial Input Control Logic The effective number of bits for a device can be calculated directly from its measured SNR. AD7840 DYNAMIC SPECIFICATIONS The AD7840 is specified and 100% tested for dynamic perfor- Harmonic Distortion mance specifications as well as traditional dc specifications such Harmonic distortion is the ratio of the rms sum of harmonics to as integral and differential nonlinearity. These ac specifications the fundamental. For the AD7840, total harmonic distortion are required for the signal processing applications such as (THD) is defined as speech synthesis, servo control and high speed modems. These 2 2 2 2 2 applications require information on the DAC’s effect on the V +V +V +V +V 2 3 4 5 6 THD = 20log spectral content of the signal it is creating. Hence, the param- V 1 eters for which the AD7840 is specified include signal-to-noise where V is the rms amplitude of the fundamental and V , V , ratio, harmonic distortion and peak harmonics. These terms are 1 2 3 V , V and V are the rms amplitudes of the second through the discussed in more detail in the following sections. 4 5 6 sixth harmonic. The THD is also derived from the 2048-point Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) FFT plot. SNR is the measured signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise DAC. The signal is the rms magnitude of the fundamental. Peak harmonic or spurious noise is defined as the ratio of the Noise is the rms sum of all the nonfundamental signals up to rms value of the next largest component in the DAC output half the sampling frequency (fs/2) excluding dc. SNR is depen- spectrum (up to fs/2 and excluding dc) to the rms value of the dent upon the number of quantization levels used in the digiti- fundamental. Normally, the value of this specification will be zation process; the more levels, the smaller the quantization determined by the largest harmonic in the spectrum, but for noise. The theoretical signal to noise ratio for a sine wave out- parts where the harmonics are buried in the noise floor the peak put is given by will be a noise peak. SNR = (6.02N + 1.76) dB (1) Testing the AD7840 where N is the number of bits. Thus for an ideal 14-bit con- A simplified diagram of the method used to test the dynamic verter, SNR = 86 dB. performance specifications is outlined in Figure 11. Data is Figure 10 shows a typical 2048 point Fast Fourier Transform loaded to the AD7840 under control of the microcontroller and (FFT) plot of the AD7840KN with an output frequency of associated logic at a 100 kHz update rate. The output of the 1 kHz and an update rate of 100 kHz. The SNR obtained from AD7840 is applied to a ninth order, 50 kHz, low-pass filter. The output of the filter is in turn applied to a 16-bit accurate digi- tizer. This digitizes the signal and the microcontroller generates an FFT plot from which the dynamic performance of the AD7840 can be evaluated. –8– REV. B AD7840 Performance versus Frequency The typical performance plots of Figures 13 and 14 show the AD7840’s performance over a wide range of input frequencies at an update rate of 100 kHz. The plot of Figure 13 is without a sample-and-hold on the AD7840 output while the plot of Figure 14 is generated with the sample-and-hold circuit of Figure 12 on Figure 11. AD7840 Dynamic Performance Test Circuit the output. The digitizer sampling is synchronized with the AD7840 update rate to ease FFT calculations. The digitizer samples the AD7840 after the output has settled to its new value. Therefore, if the digitizer was to sample the output directly it would effec- tively be sampling a dc value each time. As a result, the dynamic performance of the AD7840 would not be measured correctly. Using the digitizer directly on the AD7840 output would give better results than the actual performance of the AD7840. Us- ing a filter between the DAC and the digitizer means that the digitizer samples a continuously moving signal and the true dy- namic performance of the AD7840 is measured. Some applications will require improved performance versus fre- quency from the AD7840. In these applications, a simple sample-and-hold circuit such as that outlined in Figure 12 will extend the very good performance of the AD7840 to 20 kHz. Figure 13. Performance vs. Frequency (No Sample-and-Hold) Figure 12. Sample-and-Hold Circuit Other applications will already have an inherent sample-and- hold function following the AD7840. An example of this type of application is driving a switched-capacitor filter where the up- dating of the DAC is synchronized with the switched-capacitor filter. This inherent sample-and-hold function also extends the frequency range performance of the AD7840. Figure 14. Performance vs. Frequency (with Sample-and-Hold) REV. B –9– AD7840 MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING The AD7840 logic architecture allows two interfacing options for interfacing the part to microprocessor systems. It offers a 14-bit wide parallel format and a serial format. Fast pulse widths and data setup times allow the AD7840 to interface directly to most microprocessors including the DSP processors. Suitable interfaces to various microprocessors are shown in Figures 15 to 23. Parallel Interfacing Figures 15 to 17 show interfaces to the DSP processors, the ADSP-2100, the TMS32010 and TMS32020. An external timer controls the updating of the AD7840. Data is loaded to the AD7840 input latch using the following instructions: ADSP-2100: DM(DAC) = MR0 TMS32010: OUT DAC,D TMS32020: OUT DAC,D MR0 = ADSP-2100 MR0 Register D = Data Memory Address Figure 17. AD7840–TMS32020 Parallel Interface DAC = AD7840 Address Some applications may require that the updating of the AD7840 DAC latch be controlled by the microprocessor rather than the external timer. One option (for double-buffered interfacing) is to decode the AD7840 LDAC from the address bus so that a write operation to the DAC latch (at a separate address than the input latch) updates the output. An example of this is shown in the 8086 interface of Figure 18. Note that connecting the LDAC input to the CS input will not load the DAC latch cor- rectly since both latches cannot he transparent at the same time. AD7840–8086 Interface Figure 18 shows an interface between the AD7840 and the 8086 microprocessor. For this interface, the LDAC input is derived from a decoded address. If the least significant address line, A0, is decoded then the input latch and the DAC latch can reside at consecutive addresses. A move instruction loads the input latch while a second move instruction updates the DAC latch and the AD7840 output. The move instruction to load a data word WXYZ to the input latch is as follows: Figure 15. AD7840–ADSP-2100 Parallel Interface MOV DAC,#YZWX DAC = AD7840 Address Figure 16. AD7840–TMS32010 Parallel Interface Figure 18. AD7840–8086 Parallel Interface –10– REV. B AD7840 AD7840–68000 Interface low so the update of the DAC latch and analog output takes An interface between the AD7840 and the 68000 microproces- place on the sixteenth falling edge of SCLK (with SYNC low). sor is shown in Figure 19. In this interface example, the LDAC The FORMAT pin of the AD7840 must be tied to +5 V and input is hardwired low. As a result the DAC latch and analog the JUSTIFY pin tied to DGND for this interface to operate output are updated on the rising edge of WR. A single move correctly. instruction, therefore, loads the input latch and updates the output. MOVE.W D0,$DAC D0 = 68000 D0 Register DAC = AD7840 Address Figure 20. Complete DAC/ADC Serial Interface Figure 19. AD7840–MC68000 Parallel Interface AD7840–DSP56000 Serial Interface Serial Interfacing A serial interface between the AD7840 and the DSP56000 is Figures 20 to 23 show the AD7840 configured for serial inter- shown in Figure 21. The DSP56000 is configured for normal facing with the CS input hardwired to –5 V. The parallel bus is mode synchronous operation with gated clock. It is also set up not activated during serial communication with the AD7840. for a 16-bit word with SCK and SC2 as outputs and the FSL AD7840–ADSP-2101/ADSP-2102 Serial Interface control bit set to a 0. SCK is internally generated on the Figure 20 shows a serial interface between the AD7840 and the DSP56000 and applied to the AD7840 SCLK input. Data from ADSP-2101/ADSP-2102 DSP processor. Also included in the the DSP56000 is valid on the falling edge of SCK. The SC2 interface is the AD7870, a 12-bit A/D converter. An interface output provides the framing pulse for valid data. This line must such as this is suitable for modem and other applications which be inverted before being applied to the SYNC input of the have a DAC and an ADC in serial communication with a AD7840. microprocessor. The LDAC input of the AD7840 is connected to DGND so the The interface uses just one of the two serial ports of the update of the DAC latch takes place on the sixteenth falling ADSP-2101/ADSP-2102. Conversion is initiated on the edge of SCLK. As with the previous interface, the FORMAT AD7870 at a fixed sample rate (e.g., 9.6 kHz) which is provided pin of the AD7840 must be tied to +5 V and the JUSTIFY pin by a timer or clock recovery circuitry. While communication tied to DGND. takes place between the ADC and the ADSP-2101/ ADSP-2102, the AD7870 SSTRB line is low. This SSTRB line is used to provide a frame synchronization pulse for the AD7840 SYNC and ADSP-2101/ADSP-2102 TFS lines. This means that com- munication between the processor and the AD7840 can only take place while the AD7870 is communicating with the processor. This arrangement is desirable in systems such as modems where the DAC and ADC communication should be synchronous. The use of the AD7870 SCLK for the AD7840 SCLK and ADSP-2101/ADSP-2102 SCLK means that only one serial port of the processor is used. The serial clock for the AD7870 must be set for continuous clock for correct operation of this interface. Data from the ADSP-2101/ADSP-2102 is valid on the falling Figure 21. AD7840–DSP56000 Serial Interface edge of SCLK. The LDAC input of the AD7840 is permanently REV. B –11– AD7840 AD7840–TMS32020 Serial Interface APPLYING THE AD7840 Figure 22 shows a serial interface between the AD7840 and the Good printed circuit board layout is as important as the overall TMS32020 DSP processor. In this interface, the CLKX and circuit design itself in achieving high speed converter perfor- FSX pin of the TMS32020 are generated from the clock/timer mance. The AD7840 works on an LSB size of 366 μV. There- circuitry. The same clock/timer circuitry generates the LDAC fore, the designer must be conscious of minimizing noise in both signal of the AD7840 to synchronize the update of the output the converter itself and in the surrounding circuitry. Switching with the serial transmission. The FSX pin of the TMS32020 mode power supplies are not recommended as the switching must be configured as an input. spikes can feed through to the on-chip amplifier. Other causes of concern are ground loops and digital feedthrough from mi- Data from the TMS32020 is valid on the falling edge of CLKX. croprocessors. These are factors which influence any high per- Once again, the FORMAT pin of the AD7840 must be tied to formance converter, and a proper PCB layout which minimizes +5 V while the JUSTIFY pin must be tied to DGND. these effects is essential for best performance. LAYOUT HINTS Ensure that the layout for the printed circuit board has the digi- tal and analog lines separated as much as possible. Take care not to run any digital track alongside an analog signal track. Es- tablish a single point analog ground (star ground) separate from the logic system ground. Place this star ground as close as pos- sible to the AD7840 as shown in Figure 24. Connect all analog grounds to this star ground and also connect the AD7840 DGND pin to this ground. Do not connect any other digital grounds to this analog ground point. Figure 22. AD7840–TMS32020 Serial Interface AD7840–NEC7720 Serial Interface A serial interface between the AD7840 and the NEC7720 is shown in Figure 23. The serial clock must be inverted before being applied to the AD7840 SCLK input because data from the processor is valid on the rising edge of SCK. The NEC7720 is programmed for the LSB to be the first bit in Figure 24. Power Supply Grounding Practice the serial data stream. Therefore, the AD7840 is set up with the Low impedance analog and digital power supply common re- FORMAT pin tied to DGND and the JUSTIFY pin tied to +5 V. turns are essential to low noise operation of high performance converters. Therefore, the foil width for these tracks should be kept as wide as possible. The use of ground planes minimizes impedance paths and also guards the analog circuitry from digi- tal noise. The circuit layouts of Figures 27 and 28 have both analog and digital ground planes which are kept separated and only joined at the star ground close to the AD7840. NOISE Keep the signal leads on the V signal and the signal return OUT leads to AGND as short as possible to minimize noise coupling. In applications where this is not possible, use a shielded cable between the DAC output and its destination. Reduce the ground circuit impedance as much as possible since any poten- tial difference in grounds between the DAC and its destination device appears as an error voltage in series with the DAC output. Figure 23. AD7840–NEC7720 Serial Interface –12– REV. B AD7840 DATA ACQUISITION BOARD POWER SUPPLY CONNECTIONS Figure 25 shows the AD7840 in a data acquisition circuit. The The PCB requires two analog power supplies and one 5 V digi- corresponding printed circuit board (PCB) layout and silkscreen tal supply. Connections to the analog supplies are made directly are shown in Figures 26 to 28. The board layout has three inter- to the PCB as shown on the silkscreen in Figure 26. The con- face ports: one serial and two parallel. One of the parallel ports nections are labelled V+ and V– and the range for both of these is directly compatible with the ADSP-2100 evaluation board supplies is 12 V to 15 V. Connection to the 5 V digital supply is expansion connector. made through any of the connectors (SKT4 to SKT6). The –5 V analog supply required by the AD7840 is generated from Some systems will require the addition of a re-construction filter a voltage regulator on the V– power supply input (IC5 in on the output of the AD7840 to complete the data acquisition Figure 25). system. There is a component grid provided near the analog output on the PCB which may be used for such a filter or any SHORTING PLUG OPTIONS other output conditioning circuitry. To facilitate this option, There are eight shorting plug options which must be set before there is a shorting plug (labeled LK1 on the PCB) on the analog using the board. These are outlined below: output track. If this shorting plug is used, the analog output connects to the output of the AD7840; otherwise this shorting LK1 Connects the analog output to SKT1. The analog plug can be omitted and a wire link used to connect the analog output may also be connected to a component grid output to the PCB component grid. for signal conditioning. The board also contains a simple sample-and-hold circuit which LK2 Selects either the AD7840 V or the sample-and- OUT can be used on the output of the AD7840 to extend the very hold output. good performance of the AD7840 over a wider frequency range. LK3 Selects either the internal or external reference. A second wire link (labelled LK2 on the PCB) connects V OUT LK4 Selects the decoded R/W and STRB inputs for (SKT1) to either the output of this sample-and-hold circuit or TMS32020 interfacing. directly to the output of the AD7840. LK5 Configures the D11/FORMAT input. INTERFACE CONNECTIONS LK6 Configures the D10/JUSTIFY input. There are two parallel connectors, labeled SKT4 and SKT6, LK7 Selects either the inverted or noninverted SYNC. and one serial connector, labeled SKT5. A shorting plug option (LK8 in Figure 25) on the AD7840 CS/SERIAL input config- LK8 Selects either parallel or serial interfacing. ures the DAC for the appropriate interface (see Pin Function Description). COMPONENT LIST SKT6 is a 96-contact (3-row) Eurocard connector which is di- IC1 AD7840 Digital-to-Analog Converter rectly compatible with the ADSP-2100 Evaluation Board Proto- IC2 AD711 Op Amp type Expansion Connector. The expansion connector on the IC3 ADG201HS High Speed Switch ADSP-2100 has eight decoded chip enable outputs labeled ECE1 to ECE8. ECE6 is used to drive the AD7840 CS input IC4 74HC221 Monostable on the data acquisition board. To avoid selecting on-board IC5 79L05 Voltage Regulator sockets at the same time, LK6 on the ADSP-2100 board must be removed. The AD7840 and ADSP-2100 data lines are IC6 74HC02 aligned for left justified data transfer. C1, C3, C5, C7, SKT4 is a 26-way (2-row) IDC connector. This connector con- C11, C13, C15, C17 10 μF Capacitors tains the same signal contacts as SKT6 and in addition contains C2, C4, C6, C8, decoded R/W and STRB inputs which are necessary for C12, C14, C16, C18 0.1 μF Capacitors TMS32020 interfacing. This decoded WR can be selected via C9 330 pF Capacitor LK4. The pinout for this connector is shown in Figure 29. C10 68 pF Capacitor SKT5 is a nine-way D-type connector which is meant for serial interfacing only. The evaluation board has the facility to invert R1, R2 2.2 kΩ Resistors SYNC line via LK7. This is necessary for serial interfacing be- R3 15 kΩ Resistor tween the AD7840 and DSP processors such as the DSP56000. RP1, RP2 100 kΩ Resistor Packs The SKT5 pinout is shown in Figure 30. LK1, LK2, LK3, SKT1, SKT2 and SKT3 are three BNC connectors which pro- LK4, LK5, LK6, vide connections for the analog output, the LDAC input and an LK7, LK8 Shorting Plugs external reference input. The use of an external reference is op- tional; the shorting plug (LK3) connects the REF IN pin to ei- SKT1, SKT2, SKT3 BNC Sockets ther this external reference or to the AD7840’s own internal SKT4 26-Contact (2-Row) IDC Connector reference. SKT5 9-Contact D-Type Connector Wire links LK5 and LK6 connect the D11 and D10 inputs to SKT6 96-Contact (3-Row) Eurocard the data lines for parallel operation. In the serial mode, these Connector links allow the user to select the required format and justifica- tion for serial data (see Table I). REV. B –13– AD7840 Figure 25. Data Acquisition Circuit Using the AD7840 Figure 26. PCB Silkscreen for Figure 25 –14– REV. B AD7840 Figure 27. PCB Component Side Layout for Figure 25 Figure 28. PCB Solder Side Layout for Figure 25 REV. B –15– AD7840 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS Dimensions shown in inches and (mm). Plastic DIP (N-24) Ceramic DIP (D-24A) Figure 29. SKT4, IDC Connector Pinout Cerdip (Q-24) Figure 30. SKT5, D-Type Connector Pinout PLCC (P-28A) –16– REV. B PRINTED IN U.S.A. C1259–10–2/89