PT4481—48V 100-W 30-A Programmable SLTS024C Isolated DC/DC Converter (Revised 6/20/2002) Features • 36V to 75V Input Voltage Range • Over-Current Protection • Programmable Output Voltage • Over-Temperature Protection Range: 1.3V to 3.5V • Over-Voltage Protection • -40° to +85°C Ambient • Space-Saving Package • 1500 VDC Isolation • Solderable Copper Case • 89% Efficiency • Safety Approvals: • On/Off Inhibit UL 60950 CSA 22.2 950 • Differential Remote Sense VDE EN60950 Pending • N+1 Current Sharing Description Ordering Information Pin-Out Information PT4481� = 1.3 to 3.5 Volts The PT4481 Excalibur™ DC/DC Pin Function Pin Function converter module combines state-of-the- 1+V 14 –V in out art power conversion technology with 2–V 15 –V in out un-paralleled flexibility. Incorporating 3 Inhibit 16 –V out PT Series Suffix (PT1234x) high efficiency and ultra-fast transient 4 Do not connect 17 –V out response, these modules provide up to Case/Pin Order Package Configuration Suffix Code * 5 Do not connect 18–V out 30A of output current over the program- Vertical N (EKD) 6 Sync † 19 –V out mable voltage range of 1.3V to 3.5V. Horizontal A (EKA) 7 (+)Remote Sense 20 (–)Remote Sense This represents a full 100W output at SMD C (EKC) 3.3V. 8+Vout 21 VID0 * Previously known as package styles 1200, The modules include a number of 9+V 22 VID1 out 1210, and 1215. inbuilt features to facilitate system 10 +V 23 VID2 out (Reference the applicable package code draw- integration. These include a foldback ing for the dimensions and PC board layout) 11 +V 24 VID3 out output current limit, over-temperature 12 +V 25 VID4 out protection, and an inhibit on/off control. 13 +V 26 Share † out A differential remote sense is also provided to compensate for voltage drop between † Pins 6 & 26 are used for N+1 configuration (see the converter and load. related application note). For stand-alone operation, leave open circuit. For applications requiring power supply redundancy, multiple PT4481 • Shaded functions indicate those pins that are referenced to primary-side potential. modules may connected for operation in an ‘N+1’ configuration. Each PT4481 connected will share the load current with other active PT4481 modules. Standard Application +V IN +V 7 OUT +V sns 1 8-13 +V +V out •C = Optional 330µF electrolytic capacitor in o PT4481 •C = Optional 33µF, 100V electrolytic capacitor 1 L 2 14-19 –V in -V + + out O •C = Optional 1µF, 100V ceramic capacitor 2 C C C VID0 - VID4 -V 1 2 sns o Inhibit A • Programming pins, VID0–VID4, are shown 3 21 22 23 24 25 20 D configured for Vo =3.3V • For normal operation, pin 3 (Inhibit) must be –V IN –V connected to –Vin. OUT • For details on additional N+1 components consult the related application note. PROGRAMMING PINS For technical support and more information, see inside back cover or visit www.ti.com PT4481—48V 100-W 30-A Programmable Isolated DC/DC Converter Programming Information PT4480 Series Comparison VID4=1 VID4=0 Output Voltage Configuration for VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 Vout Vout Functionality Program Range Current Sharing 1 1 1 1 2.0V 1.30V # 1 1 1 0 2.1V 1.35V PT4481 Regulator 1.3V– 3.5V N+1 with other PT4481s 1 1 0 1 2.2V 1.40V PT4482 Regulator 1.3V– 3.5V With PT4499 boosters 1 1 0 0 2.3V 1.45V 1 0 1 1 2.4V 1.50V PT4499 PT4482 Booster N/A Used only with PT4482 1 0 1 0 2.5V 1.55V PT4483 Regulator 4.6V–5.7V N+1 with other PT4483s 1 0 0 1 2.6V 1.60V 1 0 0 0 2.7V 1.65V PT4484 Regulator 4.6V–5.7V With PT4498 boosters 0 1 1 1 2.8V 1.70V 0 1 1 0 2.9V 1.75V PT4498 PT4484 Booster N/A Used only with PT4484 0 1 0 1 3.0V 1.80V PT4485 Regulator 6.5V– 17.5V N+1 with other PT4485s 0 1 0 0 3.1V 1.85V 0 0 1 1 3.2V 1.90V PT4486 Regulator 6.5V–17.5V With PT4497 boosters 0 0 1 0 3.3V 1.95V PT4497 PT4486 Booster N/A Used only with PT4486 0 0 0 1 3.4V 2.00V 0 0 0 0 3.5V 2.05V # This specification covers only the PT4481 regulator. Logic 0 = Connect to (–)Remote Sense, pin 20 Logic 1 = Open circuit (no pull-up resistors) VID3 & VID4 must not be changed while unit is operating Specifications (Unless otherwise stated, T =25°C, V =48V, V =3.3V, C =0µF, and I =I max) a in o o o o PT4481 Characteristic Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Units Output Current I Over V range 0 — 30 A o in Input Voltage Range V Over I Range 36 4875 VDC in o Set Point Voltage Tolerance V tol — ±1 ±1.5 %V o o Temperature Variation Reg –40° ≤T ≤ +100°C, I =0 — ±0.5 — %V temp case o o Line Regulation Reg Over V range — ±0.1 ±1 %V line in o Load Regulation Regload Over Io range — ±0.2 ±1 %Vo Total Output Voltage Variation ΔV tot Includes set-point, line, load, o — ±2±3%V o –40° ≤T ≤ +100°C case Efficiency η I =15A V =3.3V — 89 — o o V =2.5V — 87 — % o V =1.5V — 81 — o V Ripple (pk-pk) V 20MHz bandwidth V >2V — 60 75 o r o mV pp V ≤2V — 45 55 o Transient Response t 0.1A/µs load step, 50% to 75% I max — N/A — µs tr o ΔV V over/undershoot — 1 — %V tr o o 1A/µs load step, 50% to 100% I max — 75 — µs o V over/undershoot — ±5 — %V o o Current Limit I V =36V, ΔV = –1% lim in o —35 — A foldback continuous limit Current Share Tolerance I tol With other PT4481 modules in N+1 — ±10 — % shr Over-Voltage Protection OVP Shutdown and latch off — 125 — %Vo Switching Frequency ƒ Over V range 270 300 350 kHz s in Under-Voltage Lockout UVLO — 34.5 — V Inhibit (Pin 3) Referenced to –V (pin 2) in (1) Input High Voltage V 2.5 — Open IH V V –0.5 — +0.8 Input Low Voltage IL Input Low Current IIL — –0.2 — mA Standby Input Current I standby pins 3 & 2 connected — 4 10 mA in Internal Input Capacitance C —3 —µF in External Output Capacitance C Between +V and –V 0 — 10,000 µF out o o Isolation Voltage Input–output/input–case 1500 — — V Capacitance Input to output — 1100 — pF Resistance Input to output 10 — — MΩ (2) Operating Temperature Range T Case temperature, over V range -40 — +115 °C c in Over-T emperature Shutdown OTP Case temperature, auto reset — 120 — °C Storage Temperature T — -40 — +125 °C s Reliability MTBF Per Bellcore TR-332 6 1.4 — — 10 Hrs 50% stress, T =40°C, ground benign a Mechanical Shock — Per Mil-Std-883D, method 2002.3, — 500 — G’s 1mS, half-sine, mounted to a fixture (3) Mechanical Vibration — Mil-Std-883D, Method 2007.2 Suffixes A, C — 20 —G’s 20-2000Hz, pcb mounted Weight — — — 90 — grams Flammability — Materials meet UL 94V-0 Notes: (1) The Inhibit (pin 3) has an internal pull-up, which if left open circuit allows the converter to operate when input power is applied. The open-circuit is limited to 6.5V. Refer to the application notes for interface considerations. (2) See Safe Operating Area curves or contact the factory for the appropriate derating. (3) The case pins on through-hole pin configuration (suffix A) must be soldered. For more information see the applicable package outline drawing. For technical support and more information, see inside back cover or visit www.ti.com Typical Characteristics PT4481—48V 100-W 30-A Programmable Isolated DC/DC Converter Performance Characteristics, V =3.3V (See Note A) Safe Operating Area, V =48V (See Note B) o in Efficiency vs Output Current Stand Alone, No Heatsink 100 90 80 90 Airflow 70 V IN 500LFM 400LFM 80 60 48.0V 300LFM 75.0V 200LFM 50 36.0V 70 100LFM Nat conv 40 60 30 20 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Iout (A) Iout (A) Ripple vs Output Current 100 80 V IN 60 75.0V 48.0V 36.0V 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Iout (A) Power Dissipation vs Output Current 20 16 V IN 12 36.0V 75.0V 48.0V 8 4 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Iout (A) Note A: Characteristic data has been developed from actual products tested at 25°C. This data is considered typical data for the Converter. Note B: SOA curves represent the conditions at which internal components are at or below the manufacturer’s maximum operating temperatures For technical support and more information, see inside back cover or visit www.ti.com Ripple - mV Efficiency - % Pd - Watts Ambient Temperature (°C) Application Notes PT4481 Configuring PT4481 DC/DC Converters & D in Figure 1-1), protect against reverse current 2 flow under such conditions. for N+1 Operation Notes ‘N+1’ vs OR’ing 1. For ‘N+1’ redundancy, always use one more The PT4481 DC/DC converter modules may be converter than is required to supply the load. operated with other PT4481 modules in ‘N+1’ 2. The VID pins for all converter modules must be configurations. A simple OR’ing connection allows a number of converters to share the load current. An independently set to the same voltage program code. ‘N+1’ configuration adds redundancy by employing 3. All converters connected for ‘N+1’ operation at least one more converter than is necessary to must be located on the same printed circuit supply the load. This ensures that upon the loss of board. A similar footprint and trace layout for one converter, sufficient capacity remains to supply each converter will facilitate current sharing. the load without interruption. As an example, a 45-A 4 A number of high-current rectifier diodes are load configured for ‘N+1’ would require no less than available with a low forward voltage drop. They three PT4481 converters. Two are needed to meet are specifically designed for OR’ing applications the load demand, plus one additional converter to in ‘N+1’ systems. Eg. The 82CNQ030, and ensure redundancy. Figure 1-1 shows the schematic for operating two PT4481 converters in an ‘N+1’ MBRB2515. configuration for a 25-A load application. 5. As a result of excess capacity and the losses in the blocking diodes, system efficiency is reduced. Blocking Diodes A true ‘N+1’ redundant system must also protect the 6. The interconnection of pin 6 (Sync), and pin 26 output bus against fault current back-feeding a con- (Share) between all modules are required for load verter. Without a blocking diode, a converter will sink current sharing and operation at a common current as a result of a fault at its output, or due to the frequency. 4 loss of its input source. The blocking diodes , (D 1 Figure 1-1; Connection Schematic for Operation in Parallel/N+1 Configuration PROGRAMMING PINS REMOTE SENSE (+) D , OR'ing Diode 1 25 24 23 22 21 7 (Required) +V +V F1 VID4 – VID0 +Sns OUT IN 1 8–13 +V +V IN OUT PT4481 2 14–19 –V –V IN OUT C + Inhibit Sync Share –Sns C , 330µF IN 25-A OUT 3 626 20 (Required) LOAD –V IN –V OUT Inhibit REMOTE SENSE (–) F2 D , OR'ing Diode 2 (Required) 3 626 20 Inhibit Sync Share –Sns C 18–13 IN +V +V IN OUT PT4481 2 14–19 –V –V IN OUT + VID4 – VID0 +Sns C , 330µF OUT 25 24 23 22 21 7 (Required) REMOTE SENSE (+) PROGRAMMING PINS For technical support and more information, see inside back cover or visit www.ti.com + + Application Notes PT4470, PT4480 Series Operating Features of the PT4470 and PT4480 Over-Temperature Protection Series of Isolated DC/DC Converters Over-temperature protection is provided by an internal temperature sensor, which closely monitors the tempera- ture of the converter’s metal case. If the case temperature Under-Voltage Lockout exceeds the specified limit (see applicable data sheet), An Under-Voltage Lock-Out (UVLO) inhibits the the converter will shut down. The converter will then operation of the converter until the input voltage is automatically restart when the sensed temperature drops above the UVLO threshold (see the applicable data by about 10°C. When operated outside its recommended sheet specification). Below this voltage, the module’s thermal derating envelope (see data sheet SOA curves), output is held off, irrespective of the state of the Inhibit the converter will typcially cycle on and off at intervals control (pin 3). If the Inhibit control is connected to –V in from a few seconds to one or two minutes. This is to ensure (pin 2), the module will automatically power up when that the internal components are not permanently damaged the input voltage rises above the UVLO threshold. The from excessive thermal stress. UVLO allows the module to produce a clean transition during both power-up and power-down, even when the input voltage is rising or falling slowly. It also reduces Primary-Secondary Isolation the high start-up current during normal power-up of Electrical isolation is provided between the input terminals the converter, and minimizes the current drain from the (primary) and the output terminals (secondary). All con- input source during low-input voltage conditions. The verters are production tested to a primary-secondary UVLO threshold includes about 2V of hysteresis. Once withstand voltage of 1500VDC. This specification com- operational, the converter will conform to its operating plies with UL60950 and EN60950 and the requirements specifications when the minimum specified input voltage for operational isolation. Operational isolation allows is reached. these converters to be configured for either a positive or negative input voltage source. The data sheet ‘Pin-Out Information’ uses shading to indicate which pins are Over-Current Protection associated with the primary. They include pins 1 through To protect against load faults, the PT4470/80 series of 5, inclusive. DC/DC converters incorporate an output current limit. Once the load current drawn from the module reaches the current limit threshold, any attempt by the load to Fuse Recommendations draw additional current will result in a significant drop If desired, an input fuse may be added to protect against in the module’s regulated output voltage. The current the application of a reverse input voltage. limit circuitry incorporates a limited amount of foldback. This has the effect of slightly reducing the output current from the module when supplying an absolute short circuit. Thermal Considerations Upon removal of the load fault, the output voltage from Airflow may be necessary to ensure that the module can the converter will automatically recover to its programmed supply the desired load current in environments with regulation voltage. elevated ambient temperatures. The required airflow rate may be determined from the Safe Operating Area (SOA) thermal derating chart (see converter specifica- Output Over-Voltage Protection tions). The recommended direction for airflow is into The PT4470/80 series of DC/DC converters incorporate the longest side of the module’s metal case. See Figure 1. circuitry that continually senses the output for an over- voltage (OV) condition. The OV threshold automatically Figure 1 tracks the VID output voltage program setting to a level 25% higher than that programmed at the control pins, VID0 through VID4. If the converter output voltage exceeds the OV threshold, the converter is immediately shut down and remains in a latched-off state. To resume normal operation the converter must be actively reset. This is accomplished by either cycling the status of the Inhibit control (pin 3) from “On” to “Off” and then back “On” again, or by momentarily removing the input power Recommended direction for airflow is to the converter. For failsafe operation and redundancy, into (perpendicular to) the longest side. the OV protection uses circuitry that is independent of the converter’s internal feedback loop. For technical support and more information, see inside back cover or visit www.ti.com Application Notes PT4470, PT4480 Series Using the Inhibit Function on the PT4470 & 6. Keep the on/off transition to less than 1ms. This PT4480 Series of Isolated DC/DC Converters prevents erratic operation of the ISR, whereby the output voltage may drift un-regulated between 0V The PT4470/44480 series of DC/DC converters incor- and the rated output during power-up. porate an On/Off Inhibit function. This function may be used in applications that demand battery conservation, Figure 2-1 power-up/shutdown sequencing, and/or to coordinate power-up for active in-rush current control. The On/Off feature is provided by the Inhibit control, +V IN +2.5V 7 pin 3. The Inhibit pin of the PT4470/4480 series of +V sns 1 8-13 +V +V out converters is an active low enable. The pin must be in PT4472 either connected, or actively pulled low, to –V (pin 2) 2 14-19 in –V + in -V out C -V 1 VID0 - VID4 Inhibit sns to enable the converter output (see standard applica- 3 21 22 23 24 25 20 0V tion schematic). When pins 2 & 3 are connected, the Q 1 BSS138 converter provides a regulated output whenever a valid 1 =Enable 3 source voltage is applied between +V (pin 1), and –V in in PROGRAMMING PINS –V (pin 2). If pin 3 is disconnected, or allowed to become IN 5 high impedance, the regulator output will be disabled. Table 2-1 provides details of the interface requirements Turn-On Time: With input power applied, the converter for the Inhibit pin. Figure 2-1 shows how a discrete typically produces a fully regulated output voltage within 4 MOSFET (Q ) , may be referenced to –V and used to 1 in 25ms after applying a low-voltage signal to the Inhibit control the input. control pin. The actual turn-on time will vary with the input voltage, output load, and the total amount of Table 2-1 Inhibit Control Requirements capacitance connected to the output. Using the circuit of Parameter Min Max Figure 2-1, Figure 2-2 shows the typical output voltage Enable (V ) –0.5V 0.8V IH and input current waveforms of a PT4472 after Q is 1 Disable (V ) 2.5V (Open Circuit) IL turned on. The turn on of Q correlates to the fall in 1 V . The output voltage was set to 2.5V. The waveform inh Notes: was measured with a 48-Vdc input voltage, and 15-A load 1. The Inhibit control uses –V (pin 2), on the primary side in current. of the converter, as its ground reference. All voltages Figure 2-2 specified are with respect to –V . in 2. The internal circuitry is simple pull-up resistor. The open-circuit voltage may be as high as 6.5Vdc. 3. These converters incorporate an “Under-Voltage Vout (1V/Div) Lockout” (UVLO) function. This function automatically disables the converter output until there is sufficient input voltage to produce a regulated output. Table 2 gives the applicable UVLO thresholds. 1 Iin (2A/Div) Table 2-2 UVLO Thresholds Series UVLO Threshold V Range in PT4470 17.0V Typical 18 – 36V PT4480 34.5V Typical 36 – 75V Vinh (5V/Div) 4. The Inhibit input must be controlled with an open- collector (or open-drain) discrete transistor or MOSFET. Do not use a pull-up resistor. HORIZ SCALE: 5ms/Div 5. When the converter output is disabled, the current drawn from the input supply is typically reduced to 4mA (10mA maximum). For technical support and more information, see inside back cover or visit www.ti.com IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All products are sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. Customers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with customer products and applications, customers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any TI patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other TI intellectual property right relating to any combination, machine, or process in which TI products or services are used. Information published by TI regarding third-party products or services does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a warranty or endorsement thereof. Use of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or other intellectual property of the third party, or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual property of TI. Reproduction of TI information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration and is accompanied by all associated warranties, conditions, limitations, and notices. Reproduction of this information with alteration is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for such altered documentation. Information of third parties may be subject to additional restrictions. Resale of TI products or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for that product or service voids all express and any implied warranties for the associated TI product or service and is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for any such statements. TI products are not authorized for use in safety-critical applications (such as life support) where a failure of the TI product would reasonably be expected to cause severe personal injury or death, unless officers of the parties have executed an agreement specifically governing such use. Buyers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their applications, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any use of TI products in such safety-critical applications, notwithstanding any applications-related information or support that may be provided by TI. Further, Buyers must fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of TI products in such safety-critical applications. TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in military/aerospace applications or environments unless the TI products are specifically designated by TI as military-grade or "enhanced plastic." Only products designated by TI as military-grade meet military specifications. Buyers acknowledge and agree that any such use of TI products which TI has not designated as military-grade is solely at the Buyer's risk, and that they are solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with such use. TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in automotive applications or environments unless the specific TI products are designated by TI as compliant with ISO/TS 16949 requirements. Buyers acknowledge and agree that, if they use any non-designated products in automotive applications, TI will not be responsible for any failure to meet such requirements. Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application solutions: Products Applications Amplifiers amplifier.ti.com Audio www.ti.com/audio Data Converters dataconverter.ti.com Automotive www.ti.com/automotive DLP® Products www.dlp.com Broadband www.ti.com/broadband DSP dsp.ti.com Digital Control www.ti.com/digitalcontrol Clocks and Timers www.ti.com/clocks Medical www.ti.com/medical Interface interface.ti.com Military www.ti.com/military Logic logic.ti.com Optical Networking www.ti.com/opticalnetwork Power Mgmt power.ti.com Security www.ti.com/security Microcontrollers microcontroller.ti.com Telephony www.ti.com/telephony RFID www.ti-rfid.com Video & Imaging www.ti.com/video RF/IF and ZigBee® Solutions www.ti.com/lprf Wireless www.ti.com/wireless Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265 Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated