Technical Product Specification ® for Intel Desktop Boards ® using the Intel 845GL Chipset April 2002 Order Number: A90788-001 ® ® Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset may contain design defects or errors known as errata that may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are documented in the Specification Update for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset. Revision History Revision Revision History Date ® -001 First release of the Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop April 2002 ® Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset. This product specification applies to only standard Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset with BIOS identifier LY84510.86A. Changes to this specification will be published in the Specification Update for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset before being incorporated into a revision of this document. ® INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL PRODUCTS. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. Intel Corporation may have patents or pending patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights that relate to the presented subject matter. The furnishing of documents and other materials and information does not provide any license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any such patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights. Intel products are not intended for use in medical, life saving, or life sustaining applications or for any other application in which the failure of the Intel product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Intel may make changes to specifications, product descriptions, and plans at any time, without notice. Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset may contain design defects or errors known as errata that may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request. Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications before placing your product order. Copies of documents which have an ordering number and are referenced in this document, or other Intel literature, may be obtained from: Intel Corporation P.O. Box 5937 Denver, CO 80217-9808 or call in North America 1-800-548-4725, Europe 44-0-1793-431-155, France 44-0-1793-421-777, Germany 44-0-1793-421-333, other Countries 708-296-9333. Intel, Pentium, Celeron, and LANDesk are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. † Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright  2002, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Preface This Technical Product Specification (TPS) describes the features common to Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset. This specification is to be used with Product Supplement documents (available separately) that describe features unique to individual members of the product family. Intended Audience The TPS is intended to provide detailed, technical information about Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset and their components to the vendors, system integrators, and other engineers and technicians who need this level of information. It is specifically not intended for general audiences. What This Document Contains Chapter Description 1 A description of the hardware used on these Intel Desktop boards 2 A description of the resources of the Desktop Boards 3 An overview of the BIOS Setup program 4 The contents of the BIOS Setup program’s menus and submenus 5 A description of the BIOS error messages, beep codes, and POST codes Typographical Conventions This section contains information about the conventions used in this specification. Not all of these symbols and abbreviations appear in all specifications of this type. Footnotes, Notes, Integrator’s Notes, Cautions, and Warnings Footnotes Footnotes call attention to features that may not be standard or the implementation of which may vary depending on the Intel Desktop Board being used. Chapter 1 of each Product Supplement Document includes a footnote cross reference table. NOTE ✏ Notes call attention to important information. iii Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset INTEGRATOR’S NOTES � Integrator’s notes are used to call attention to information that may be useful to system integrators. CAUTION Cautions are included to help you avoid damaging hardware or losing data. WARNING Warnings indicate conditions, which if not observed, can cause personal injury. Other Common Notation # Used after a signal name to identify an active-low signal (such as USBP0#). (NxnX) When used in the description of a component, N indicates component type, xn are the relative coordinates of its location on the Desktop boards, and X is the instance of the particular part at that general location. For example, J5J1 is a connector, located at 5J. It is the first connector in the 5J area. GB Gigabyte (1,073,741,824 bytes) GB/sec Gigabytes per second KB Kilobyte (1024 bytes) Kbit Kilobit (1024 bits) kbits/sec 1000 bits per second MB Megabyte (1,048,576 bytes) MB/sec Megabytes per second Mbit Megabit (1,048,576 bits) Mbit/sec Megabits per second xxh An address or data value ending with a lowercase h indicates a hexadecimal value. x.x V Volts. Voltages are DC unless otherwise specified. † This symbol is used to indicate third-party brands and names that are the property of their respective owners. iv Contents 1 Product Description 1.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.1 Feature Summary ......................................................................................... 9 1.1.2 Block Diagram..............................................................................................11 1.2 Online Support ...........................................................................................................12 1.3 Operating System Support .........................................................................................12 1.4 Design Specifications .................................................................................................13 1.5 Processor ...................................................................................................................17 1.6 System Memory .........................................................................................................18 ® 1.7 Intel 845GL Chipset..................................................................................................20 ® 1.7.1 Intel Extreme Graphics Controller...............................................................20 1.7.2 USB..............................................................................................................25 1.7.3 IDE Interfaces ..............................................................................................25 1.7.4 Real-Time Clock, CMOS SRAM, and Battery...............................................26 1.8 I/O Controller..............................................................................................................26 1.8.1 Serial Ports ..................................................................................................27 1.8.2 Parallel Port..................................................................................................27 1.8.3 Diskette Drive Controller ..............................................................................27 1.8.4 Keyboard and Mouse Interface ....................................................................27 1.9 Audio Subsystem........................................................................................................27 1.9.1 Audio Connectors.........................................................................................28 1.9.2 Audio Subsystem Software ..........................................................................28 1.10 LAN Subsystem..........................................................................................................28 ® 1.10.1 Intel 82562ET Platform LAN Connect Device.............................................29 1.10.2 RJ-45 LAN Connector with Integrated LEDs ................................................29 1.10.3 LAN Subsystem Software ............................................................................29 1.11 Hardware Management Subsystem............................................................................29 1.11.1 Fan Monitoring .............................................................................................30 1.11.2 Chassis Intrusion and Detection...................................................................30 1.12 Power Management ...................................................................................................30 1.12.1 ACPI.............................................................................................................31 1.12.2 Hardware Support ........................................................................................33 2 Technical Reference 2.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................37 2.2 Memory Map ..............................................................................................................37 2.3 Fixed I/O Map.............................................................................................................38 2.4 DMA Channels ...........................................................................................................39 2.5 PCI Configuration Space Map ....................................................................................39 2.6 Interrupts ....................................................................................................................40 2.7 PCI Interrupt Routing Map..........................................................................................41 2.8 Environmental ............................................................................................................43 v Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 3 BIOS Overview 3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................45 3.2 BIOS Flash Memory Organization ..............................................................................45 3.3 Resource Configuration..............................................................................................45 3.3.1 PCI Autoconfiguration ..................................................................................45 3.3.2 PCI IDE Support...........................................................................................45 3.4 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS).......................................................................46 3.5 Legacy USB Support ..................................................................................................47 3.6 BIOS Updates ............................................................................................................47 3.6.1 Language Support........................................................................................48 3.6.2 Custom Splash Screen.................................................................................48 3.7 Recovering BIOS Data ...............................................................................................49 3.8 Boot Options...............................................................................................................49 3.8.1 CD-ROM Boot..............................................................................................49 3.8.2 Network Boot................................................................................................50 3.8.3 Booting Without Attached Devices ...............................................................50 3.8.4 Changing the Default Boot Device During POST..........................................50 ® 3.9 Fast Booting Systems with Intel Rapid BIOS Boot....................................................50 3.9.1 Peripheral Selection and Configuration ........................................................50 3.9.2 Intel Rapid BIOS Boot ..................................................................................51 3.10 BIOS Security Features..............................................................................................51 4 BIOS Setup Program 4.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................53 4.2 Maintenance Menu.....................................................................................................54 4.3 Main Menu..................................................................................................................54 4.4 Advanced Menu..........................................................................................................55 4.4.1 PCI Configuration Submenu.........................................................................56 4.4.2 Boot Configuration Submenu .......................................................................57 4.4.3 Peripheral Configuration Submenu...............................................................58 4.4.4 IDE Configuration Submenu.........................................................................60 4.4.5 Diskette Configuration Submenu..................................................................63 4.4.6 Event Log Configuration Submenu...............................................................64 4.4.7 Video Configuration Submenu......................................................................65 4.4.8 USB Configuration Submenu .......................................................................66 4.4.9 Chipset Configuration Submenu...................................................................67 4.5 Security Menu ............................................................................................................68 4.6 Power Menu ...............................................................................................................69 4.6.1 ACPI Submenu ............................................................................................69 4.7 Boot Menu..................................................................................................................70 4.7.1 Boot Device Priority Submenu......................................................................71 4.7.2 Hard Disk Drives Submenu ..........................................................................72 4.7.3 Removable Devices Submenu .....................................................................72 4.7.4 ATAPI CD-ROM Drives Submenu................................................................73 4.8 Exit Menu ...................................................................................................................73 vi Contents 5 Error Messages and Beep Codes 5.1 BIOS Error Messages.................................................................................................75 5.2 Port 80h POST Codes................................................................................................77 5.3 Bus Initialization Checkpoints .....................................................................................81 5.4 Speaker .....................................................................................................................82 5.5 BIOS Beep Codes ......................................................................................................82 Figures 1. Block Diagram............................................................................................................11 Tables 1. Feature Summary........................................................................................................ 9 2. Specifications .............................................................................................................13 3. Supported DDR DIMM Configurations........................................................................19 4. Supported SDR DIMM Configurations ........................................................................19 5. Direct Draw Supported Modes....................................................................................21 6. Video BIOS Video Modes Supported for Analog CRTs...............................................22 7. Supported Configuration Modes .................................................................................23 8. Details of bpp Configuration Modes............................................................................24 9. LAN Connector LED States........................................................................................29 10. Effects of Pressing the Power Switch .........................................................................31 11. Power States and Targeted System Power ................................................................32 12. Wake-up Devices and Events.....................................................................................33 13. Fan Connector Function/Operation.............................................................................34 14. System Memory Map..................................................................................................37 15. Fixed I/O Map.............................................................................................................38 16. DMA Channels ...........................................................................................................39 17. PCI Configuration Space Map ....................................................................................39 18. Interrupts ....................................................................................................................40 19. PCI Interrupt Routing Map..........................................................................................42 20. Desktop Board Environmental Specifications .............................................................43 21. Boot Device Menu Options.........................................................................................50 22. Supervisor and User Password Functions..................................................................52 23. BIOS Setup Program Menu Bar .................................................................................53 24. BIOS Setup Program Function Keys ..........................................................................53 25. Maintenance Menu.....................................................................................................54 26. Main Menu..................................................................................................................54 27. Advanced Menu..........................................................................................................55 28. PCI Configuration Submenu .......................................................................................56 29. Boot Configuration Submenu......................................................................................57 30. Peripheral Configuration Submenu.............................................................................58 31. IDE Configuration Submenu .......................................................................................60 32. Primary/Secondary IDE Master/Slave Submenus.......................................................61 33. Diskette Configuration Submenu ................................................................................63 34. Event Log Configuration Submenu.............................................................................64 35. Video Configuration Submenu....................................................................................65 vii Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 36. USB Configuration Submenu......................................................................................66 37. Chipset Configuration Submenu.................................................................................67 38. Security Menu ............................................................................................................68 39. Power Menu ...............................................................................................................69 40. ACPI Submenu...........................................................................................................69 41. Boot Menu..................................................................................................................70 42. Boot Device Priority Submenu....................................................................................71 43. Hard Disk Drives Submenu ........................................................................................72 44. Removable Devices Submenu....................................................................................72 45. ATAPI CD-ROM Drives Submenu ..............................................................................73 46. Exit Menu ...................................................................................................................73 47. BIOS Error Messages.................................................................................................75 48. Uncompressed INIT Code Checkpoints......................................................................77 49. Boot Block Recovery Code Checkpoints ....................................................................77 50. Runtime Code Uncompressed in F000 Shadow RAM ................................................78 51. Bus Initialization Checkpoints .....................................................................................81 52. Upper Nibble High Byte Functions..............................................................................81 53. Lower Nibble High Byte Functions..............................................................................82 54. Beep Codes................................................................................................................83 viii 1 Product Description 1.1 Overview 1.1.1 Feature Summary Table 1 summarizes the major features. Table 1. Feature Summary Form Factor microATX ® ® Processor • Support for an Intel Pentium 4 processor in a µPGA478 socket with a 400 MHz system bus ® ® • Support for an Intel Celeron processor in a µPGA478 socket with a 400 MHz system bus 1 • Two DIMM sockets supporting one of the following: Memory − 2.5 V (only) 184-pin 200/266 MHz Double Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM DIMMs with gold-plated contacts − 3.3 V (only) 168-pin 133 MHz Single Data Rate (SDR) SDRAM DIMMs with gold-plated contacts • Support for up to 2 GB system memory ® NOTE: Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset have been designed to support DIMMs based on 512 Mbit technology for a maximum onboard capacity of up to 2 GB, but this technology has not been validated. Chipset Intel 845GL Chipset, consisting of: ® • Intel 82845GL Graphics and Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) ® • Intel 82801DB I/O Controller Hub (ICH4) • 4 Mbit Firmware Hub (FWH) 2 Audio subsystem for AC ‘97 processing using the SigmaTel STAC9750/66 codec Audio I/O Control LPC Bus I/O controller (SMSC LPC47M102) ® Video Intel Extreme Graphics controller continued 1 Memory support (DDR SDRAM or SDR SDRAM) is product-dependent. For more information, refer to the Product Supplement Document for your Desktop Board. 2 Contact your Intel sales representative to determine if the audio subsystem is present on your Intel Desktop Board. 9 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset Table 1. Feature Summary (continued) Peripheral • Up to four USB ports Interfaces • Two serial ports • One parallel port • Two IDE interfaces with UDMA 33, ATA-66/100 support • One diskette drive interface † • PS/2 keyboard and mouse ports • Three fan connectors Hardware • Two fan sense inputs used to monitor fan activity (through the I/O controller) Management • Chassis intrusion detection Subsystem 3 ® Intel 82562ET 10/100 Mbit/sec Platform LAN Connect (PLC) device LAN Instantly Available • Support for PCI Local Bus Specification Revision 2.2 PC Technology • Suspend to RAM support • Wake on PCI, RS-232, front panel, PS/2 devices, and USB ports For information about Refer to The board’s compliance level with ACPI, Plug and Play, and SMBIOS Section 1.4, page 13 Available configurations for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset Section 1.2, page 12 3 Contact your Intel sales representative to determine if the LAN subsystem is present on your Intel Desktop Board. 10 Product Description 1.1.2 Block Diagram Figure 1 is a block diagram of the major functional areas of the Desktop Boards. Back Panel / Front Panel = connector or socket USB Ports USB Serial Ports LPC Bus Parallel Port Primary/ UDMA 33 and I/O PS/2 Mouse Secondary IDE ATA-66/100 Controller PS/2 Keyboard Diskette Drive SMBus µPGA478 System Bus Connector Processor Socket (400 MHz) LPC Bus Intel 82845GL Intel 82801DB 4 Mbit Graphics and AHA I/O Controller Hub Firmware Hub Memory Controller Bus (ICH4) (FWH) Hub (GMCH) Intel 845GL Chipset CSMA/CD Display Unit Interface Interface VGA Port Memory Bus Physical LAN DIMM Banks (2) Layer SMBus Connector* AC Link Interface* PCI Bus PCI Slot 1 Line In PCI Slot 2 SMBus Line Out Mic In PCI Slot 3 STAC9750/66 Audio Codec Auxiliary Line In PCI Slot 4 CD-ROM * For specific information on this feature, refer to the Product Supplement Document for your Desktop Board. OM14187 Figure 1. Block Diagram 11 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 1.2 Online Support To find information about… Visit this World Wide Web site: Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd 845GL Chipset under “Product Info” or “Customer Support” http://support.intel.com/support/motherboards/desktop Processor data sheets http://www.intel.com/design/litcentr ICH4 data sheet http://developer.intel.com/design/chipsets/datashts Custom splash screens http://intel.com/design/motherbd/gen_indx.htm Audio software and utilities http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd LAN software and drivers http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd 1.3 Operating System Support The Desktop Boards described in this document support drivers for all of the onboard hardware and subsystems under the following operating systems: † • Microsoft Windows 98 SE • Windows ME † • Windows NT 4.0 • Windows 2000 • Windows XP For information about Refer to Supported drivers Section 1.2 NOTE ✏ Third party vendors may offer other drivers. ✏ NOTE USB 2.0 support has been tested with Windows 2000 and Windows XP drivers and is not currently supported by any other operating system. 12 Product Description 1.4 Design Specifications Table 2 lists the specifications applicable to these Desktop Boards. Table 2. Specifications Reference Specification Version, Revision Date, The information is Name Title and Ownership available from… AC ’97 Audio Codec ’97 Revision 2.2, ftp://download.intel.com/ial/ September 2000, scalableplatforms/ac97r22.pdf Intel Corporation. ACPI Advanced Configuration Version 1.0b, http://www.acpi.info/ and Power Interface July 01, 1998, spec10b.htm Specification Intel Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, and Toshiba Corporation. AGP Accelerated Graphics Port Revision 2.0, http://www.agpforum.org/ Interface Specification May 4, 1998, specs_specs.htm Intel Corporation. 4 AMIBIOS Desktop Core 7.0 AMIBIOS 7.0, http://www.ami.com/support/ AMI BIOS August 8, 2001, doc/amibiosdesktop.pdf American Megatrends, Inc. ATA/ Information Technology-AT Revision 3, http://www.t13.org ATAPI-5 Attachment with Packet February 29, 2000, Interface - 5 Contact: T13 Chair, (ATA/ATAPI-5) Seagate Technology. ATX ATX Specification Version 2.03, http://www.formfactors.org/ December 1998, developer/specs/atx/ Intel Corporation. atxspecs.htm ATX12V ATX/ATX12V Power Version 1.2, http://www.formfactors.org/ Power Supply Design Guide August 2000, developer/specs/atx/ Supply Intel Corporation. atxspecs.htm BIS Boot Integrity Services Version 1.0 http://www.intel.com/labs/ (BIS) Application August 4, 1999, manage/wfm/wfmspecs.htm Programming Interface Intel Corporation. (API) continued 4 Some Desktop Boards may use a different BIOS core. For more information, refer to the Product Supplement Document for your Desktop Board. 13 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset Table 2. Specifications (continued) Reference Specification Version, Revision Date and The information is Name Title Ownership available from… DDR Double Data Rate (DDR) Version 1.0, http://www.jedec.org/ 5 SDRAM Specification June 2000, SDRAM JEDEC Solid State Technology Association. Design Specification for Revision 1.0, http://www.jedec.org/ a 184 Pin DDR October 2001, Unbuffered DIMM JEDEC Solid State Technology Association. ® Intel JEDEC DDR Revision 0.9, http://developer.intel.com/ 200/266 Unbuffered September 27, 2001, technology/memory/ DIMM Specification Intel Corporation. index.htm Addendum EHCI Enhanced Host Revision 1.0, http://developer.intel.com/ Controller Interface March 12, 2002, technology/usb/download/ Specification for Intel Corporation. ehci-r10.pdf Universal Serial Bus EPP IEEE Std 1284.1-1997 Version 1.7, http://standards.ieee.org/ (Enhanced Parallel Port) 1997, reading/ieee/std_public/ Institute of Electrical and description/busarch/ Electronic Engineers. 1284.1-1997_desc.html El Torito Bootable CD-ROM Version 1.0, http://www.phoenix.com/ Format Specification January 25, 1995, PlatSS/products/specs.html Phoenix Technologies Limited and International Business Machines Corporation. Front Panel Front Panel I/O Version 1.0, http://www.formfactors.org/ Connectivity Design October 2000, formfactors/ Guide Intel Corporation. front_panel_io.htm LPC Low Pin Count Interface Revision 1.0, http://www.intel.com/ Specification September 29, 1997, design/chipsets/industry/ Intel Corporation. lpc.htm microATX microATX Motherboard Version 1.0, http://www.formfactors.org/ Interface Specification December 1997, developer/specs/microatx/ Intel Corporation. microatxspecs.htm continued 5 Memory support (DDR SDRAM or SDR SDRAM) is product-dependent. For more information, refer to the Product Supplement Document for your Desktop Board. 14 Product Description Table 2. Specifications (continued) Reference Specification Version, Revision Date The information is Name Title and Ownership available from… PCI PCI Local Bus Revision 2.2, http://www.pcisig.com/ Specification December 18, 1998, specifications PCI Special Interest Group. PCI Bus Power Revision 1.1, http://www.pcisig.com/ Management Interface December 18, 1998, specifications Specification PCI Special Interest Group. Plug and Plug and Play BIOS Version 1.0a, http://www.microsoft.com/ Play Specification May 5, 1994, hwdev/respec/ Compaq Computer Corporation, pnpspecs.htm Phoenix Technologies Limited, and Intel Corporation. PXE Preboot Execution Version 2.1, ftp://download.intel.com/ial/ Environment September 20, 1999, wfm/pxespec.pdf Intel Corporation. 6 PC SDRAM Unbuffered Revision 1.0, http://www.intel.com/ SDRAM DIMM Specification February 1998, technology/memory Intel Corporation. PC SDRAM Specification Revision 1.7, http://www.intel.com/ November 1999, technology/memory Intel Corporation. PC Serial Presence Revision 1.2B, http://www.intel.com/ Detect (SPD) November 1999, technology/memory Specification Intel Corporation. SFX12V SFX/SFX12V Power Revision 2.0, http://www.formfactors.org/ Power Supply Design Guide May 2001, developer/specs/sfx/ Supply Intel Corporation. sfx12v.pdf SMBIOS System Management Version 2.3.1, http://www.dmtf.org/ BIOS March 16, 1999, download/standards/ American Megatrends DSP0119.pdf Incorporated, Award Software International Incorporated, Compaq Computer Corporation, Dell Computer Corporation, Hewlett-Packard Company, Intel Corporation, International Business Machines Corporation, Phoenix Technologies Limited, and SystemSoft Corporation. continued 6 Memory support (DDR SDRAM or SDR SDRAM) is product-dependent. For more information, refer to the Product Supplement Document for your Desktop Board. 15 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset Table 2. Specifications (continued) Reference Specification Version, Revision Date The information is Name Title and Ownership available from… UHCI Universal Host Controller Revision 1.1, http://www.usb.org/ Interface Design Guide March 1996, developers/docs.html Intel Corporation. USB Universal Serial Bus Revision 1.1, http://www.usb.org/ Specification September 23, 1998, developers/docs.html Compaq Computer Corporation, Intel Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, and NEC Corporation. Revision 2.0, http://www.usb.org/ April 27, 2000, developers/docs.html Compaq Computer Corporation, Hewlett-Packard Company, Lucent Technologies Inc., Intel Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, NEC Corporation, and Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. WfM Wired for Management Version 2.0, http://www.intel.com/labs/ Baseline December 18, 1998, manage/wfm/ Intel Corporation. wfmspecs.htm 16 Product Description 1.5 Processor CAUTION Use of unsupported processors can damage the Desktop Board, the processor, and the power ® supply. See the Specification Update for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset for the most up-to-date list of supported processors for these boards. 7 The Desktop Boards support the following : • A Pentium 4 processor in a µPGA478 socket with a system bus of 400 MHz • A Celeron processor in a µPGA478 socket with a system bus of 400 MHz All supported onboard memory can be cached. See the processor’s data sheet for cachability limits. INTEGRATOR’S NOTES � • Use only ATX12V- or SFX12V-compliant power supplies with these Desktop Boards. ATX12V and SFX12V power supplies have an additional power lead that provides required supplemental power for the processor. Always connect the 20-pin and 4-pin leads of ATX12V and SFX12V power supplies to the corresponding connectors on the Desktop Boards, otherwise the board will not boot. • Do not use a standard ATX power supply. The board will not boot with a standard ATX power supply. For information about Refer to Processor support Section 1.2, page 12 Processor usage Section 1.2, page 12 7 Processor support is product-dependent. For more information, refer to the Product Supplement Document for your Desktop Board. 17 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 1.6 System Memory The Desktop Boards provide the following memory features: 8 • Two DIMM sockets supporting one of the following :  2.5 V (only) 184-pin 200/266 MHz Double Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM DIMMs with gold- plated contacts, or  3.3 V (only) 168-pin 133 MHz Single Data Rate (SDR) SDRAM DIMMs with gold-plated contacts • Unbuffered non-ECC DIMMs only • Maximum total system memory: 2 GB; minimum total system memory: 64 MB • Serial Presence Detect (SPD) DIMMs only • Suspend to RAM CAUTION Do not use ECC DIMMs with these Desktop Boards. Using ECC DIMMs could damage the Desktop Board. INTEGRATOR’S NOTES � • Registered DIMMs are not supported on these Desktop Boards. • These Desktop Boards have been designed to support DIMMs based on 512 Mbit technology for a maximum onboard capacity of up to 2 GB, but this technology has not been validated on this board. NOTE ✏ To be fully compliant with all applicable DDR SDRAM and PC133 SDRAM memory specifications, the board should be populated with DIMMs that support the Serial Presence Detect (SPD) data structure. This allows the BIOS to read the SPD data and program the chipset to accurately configure memory settings for optimum performance. For information about Refer to Obtaining DDR SDRAM specifications Section 1.4, page 13 Obtaining the PC Serial Presence Detect (SPD) Specification Section 1.4, page 13 8 Memory support (DDR SDRAM or SDR SDRAM) is product-dependent. For more information, refer to the Product Supplement Document for your Desktop Board. 18 Product Description Table 3 lists the supported DDR DIMM configurations. Table 3. Supported DDR DIMM Configurations DIMM Configuration DDR SDRAM DDR SDRAM Organization Number of DDR (Note) Capacity Density Front-side/Back-side SDRAM Devices 32 MB SS 64 Mbit 4 M x 16/empty 4 64 MB SS 64 Mbit 8 M x 8/empty 8 64 MB SS 128 Mbit 8 M x 16/empty 4 128 MB DS 64 Mbit 8 M x 8/8 M x 8 16 128 MB SS 128 Mbit 16 M x 8/empty 8 128 MB SS 256 Mbit 16 M x 16/empty 4 256 MB DS 128 Mbit 16 M x 8/16 M x 8 16 256 MB SS 256 Mbit 32 M x 8/empty 8 512 MB DS 256 Mbit 32 M x 8/32 M x 8 16 Note: In this column, “DS” refers to double-sided memory modules (containing DDR SDRAM devices on both sides) and “SS” refers to single-sided memory modules (containing DDR SDRAM devices on only one side). Table 4 lists the supported SDR DIMM configurations. Table 4. Supported SDR DIMM Configurations DIMM Configuration SDR SDRAM SDR SDRAM Organization Number of SDR (Note) Capacity Density Front-side/Back-side SDRAM devices 32 MB SS 64 Mbit 4 M x 16/empty 4 64 MB DS 64 Mbit 4 M x 16/4 M x 16 8 64 MB SS 64 Mbit 8 M x 8/empty 8 64 MB SS 128 Mbit 8 M x 16/empty 4 128 MB DS 64 Mbit 8 M x 8/8 M x 8 16 128 MB DS 128 Mbit 8 M x 16/8 M x 16 8 128 MB SS 128 Mbit 16 M x 8/empty 8 128 MB SS 256 Mbit 16 M x 16/empty 4 256 MB DS 128 Mbit 16 M x 8/16 M x 8 16 256 MB DS 256 Mbit 16 M x 16/16 M x 16 8 256 MB SS 256 Mbit 32 M x 8/empty 8 512 MB DS 256 Mbit 32 M x 8/32 M x 8 16 Note: In this column, “DS” refers to double-sided memory modules (containing SDR SDRAM devices on both sides) and “SS” refers to single-sided memory modules (containing SDR SDRAM devices on only one side). 19 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset ® 1.7 Intel 845GL Chipset The Intel 845GL chipset consists of the following devices: • Intel 82845GL Graphics and Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) with Accelerated Hub Architecture (AHA) bus • Intel 82801DB I/O Controller Hub (ICH4) with AHA bus • 4 Mbit Firmware Hub (FWH) The GMCH is a centralized controller for the system bus, the memory bus, the AGP bus, and the Accelerated Hub Architecture interface. The ICH4 is a centralized controller for the board’s I/O paths. The FWH provides the nonvolatile storage of the BIOS. For information about Refer to The Intel 845GL chipset http://developer.intel.com Resources used by the chipset Chapter 2 ® 1.7.1 Intel Extreme Graphics Controller The Intel Extreme Graphics controller features the following: • Integrated graphics controller  32 bpp (Bits Per Pixel) graphics engine  200 MHz core frequency  256-bit internal data path for 2-D and 3-D graphics  Motion video acceleration • 3-D graphics visual and texturing enhancement • Display  Integrated 24-bit 350 MHz RAMDAC  DDC2B compliant interface • Video  Dual monitor synchronous display  Hardware motion compensation for software MPEG2 decode • Dynamic Video Memory Technology (DVMT) support up to 64 MB (driver dependent) For information about Refer to DVMT Section 1.7.1.1, page 24 20 Product Description ��INTEGRATOR’S NOTE EMC emission testing of high-speed video was performed on this Desktop Board using scrolling H’s displayed on the video monitor in accordance with ANSI C63.4-2000 documentation. The scrolling H’s are displayed using the following font sizes: • For video resolutions greater than 1600 x 1200 (including 2048 x 1536 and 1920 x 1440), a font size of 200% is used. • For a 1600 x 1200 video resolution, a 150% font size is used. • For resolutions less than 1600 x 1200, a normal or large font size is used. All available resolutions are tested using the highest available color depth and monitor refresh rate. Table 5 lists the Direct Draw supported modes. Table 5. Direct Draw Supported Modes Resolution Color Palette Refresh Frequency (Hz) Notes 256 colors 70 320 x 200 Y 64 K colors 70 3 16 M colors 70 3 256 colors 70 320 x 240 Y 64 K colors 70 3 16 M colors 70 3 256 colors 70 352 x 480 Y 64 K colors 70 3 16 M colors 70 3 352 x 576 256 colors 70 Y 64 K colors 70 3 16 M colors 70 3 256 colors 70 400 x 300 Y 64 K colors 70 3 16 M colors 70 3 256 colors 70 512 x 384 Y 64 K colors 70 3 16 M colors 70 3 256 colors 70 640 x 400 Y 64 K colors 70 3 16 M colors 70 3 † † Notes: Y = Supported in driver without Direct3D and OpenGL 3 = Direct3D and OpenGL 21 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset Table 6 lists the video BIOS video modes supported by the graphics subsystem. Table 6. Video BIOS Video Modes Supported for Analog CRTs Available Refresh Resolution Color Palette Frequencies (Hz) Notes 16 colors 70 320 x 200 T, G, B 256 colors 70 G, B 16 colors 70 320 x 350 T, B 16 colors 70 360 x 400 T, B 16 colors 70 640 x 200 T, G, B 16 colors 70 640 x 350 T, G, B 640 x 480 16 colors 60 G, B 256 colors 60, 75, 85 G, B, L 64 K colors 60, 75, 85 G, B, L 16 M colors 60, 75, 85 G, B, L 720 x 400 16 colors 70 T, B 800 x 600 256 colors 60, 75, 85 G, B, L 64 K colors 60, 75, 85 G, B, L 16 M colors 60, 75, 85 G, B, L 1024 x 768 256 colors 60, 75, 85 G, B, L 64 K colors 60, 75, 85 G, B, L 16 M colors 60, 75, 85 G, B, L 1056 x 350 16 colors 70 T, B 1056 x 400 16 colors 70 T, B 1056 x 480 16 colors 70 T, B 1280 x 1024 256 colors 60, 75, 85 G, B, L 64 K colors 60, 75, 85 G, B, L 16 M colors 60, 75, 85 G, B, L 1600 x 1200 256 colors 60, 75, 85 G, B, L 64 K colors 60, 75, 85 G, B, L 16 M colors 60, 75, 85 G, B, L 1920 x 1440 256 colors 60, 75 G, B, L 64 K colors 60, 75 G, B, L Notes: T = Text mode G = Graphics mode B = Banked addressing mode L = Linear addressing mode 22 Product Description Table 7 lists the supported configuration modes of the graphics subsystem. Table 7. Supported Configuration Modes Available Refresh Supported bpp Configuration Mode Resolution Frequencies (Hz) (see Table 8 for more information) 640 x 480 60, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120 6 800 x 600 60, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120 6 1024 x 768 60, 70, 75, 85, 100 6 1024 x 768 120 5 1152 x 864 60, 75, 85 6 1152 x 864 100 5 1280 x 720 60, 75, 85 6 1280 x 720 100 5 1280 x 768 Reduced blanking 6 1280 x 960 60, 75 6 1280 x 960 85 5 1280 x 1024 60 6 1280 x 1024 75 5 1280 x 1024 85, 100 4 1280 x 1024 120 3 1400 x 1050 60 6 1600 x 900 60 6 1600 x 900 75, 85 4 1600 x 900 100 3 1600 x 1200 60 4 1600 x 1200 75, 85, 100 3 1856 x 1392 60, 75 3 1920 x 1080 60 4 1920 x 1080 75, 85 3 1920 x 1200 60 3 1920 x 1440 60, 75 3 2048 x 1536 60 3 23 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset Table 8 describes the bpp configuration mode values referenced in Table 7. In Table 8, assume that for each configuration mode number, the features of all lower numbers are also supported. For example, if the supported configuration mode is 4, then modes 1 through 3 are also supported. DVD consists of both the overlay engine as well as the MPEG decoding; both are necessary for DVD playback. Table 8. Details of bpp Configuration Modes Configuration Mode Number Description 6 32 bpp (16 M colors) with DVD (Overlay + MPEG decode) On 5 16 bpp (64 K colors) with DVD On 4 32 bpp (16 M colors) with DVD Off 3 16 bpp (64 K colors) with DVD Off 2 8 bpp (256 colors) with DVD On 1 8 bpp (256 colors) with DVD off For information about Refer to Obtaining graphics software and utilities Section 1.2, page 12 1.7.1.1 Dynamic Video Memory Technology (DVMT) DVMT enables enhanced graphics and memory performance through Direct AGP, and highly efficient memory utilization. DVMT ensures the most efficient use of available system memory (up to 64 MB) for maximum 2-D/3-D graphics performance. DVMT uses a portion of system physical memory (as set in the BIOS Setup program) for compatibility with legacy applications. An example of this would be when using VGA graphics under DOS. Once loaded, the operating system and graphics drivers allocate the buffers needed for performing graphics functions. NOTE ✏ The use of DVMT requires operating system driver support. For information about Refer to Obtaining the DVMT white paper http://developer.intel.com/design/chipsets/845gl/ 1.7.1.2 Zone Rendering Technology (ZRT) The Intel Extreme Graphics Controller supports Zone Rendering Technology (ZRT). ZRT is a process by which the screen is divided into several zones. Each zone is completely cached and rendered on chip before being written to the frame buffer. The benefits of ZRT include the following: • Increased memory efficiency via better localization of data • Increased on-chip processing speed due to decreased wait time for data 24 Product Description • Increased effective pixel fill rates • Increased headroom for larger resolution and color depth • Reduced power as a result of decreased memory bandwidth • Reduction in depth and color bandwidth associated with conventional rendering For information about Refer to Obtaining the Zone Rendering white paper http://developer.intel.com/design/chipsets/845gl/ 1.7.2 USB The Desktop Boards support up to four USB 2.0 ports, fully support UHCI and EHCI, and use UHCI- and EHCI-compatible drivers. For more than four USB devices, an external hub can be connected to any of the ports. The ICH4 provides the USB controller for all ports. The port arrangement is as follows: • Two ports are implemented with stacked back panel connectors, adjacent to the audio connectors • Two ports are routed to the front panel USB connector NOTE ✏ Computer systems that have an unshielded cable attached to a USB port may not meet FCC Class B requirements, even if no device is attached to the cable. Use shielded cable that meets the requirements for full-speed devices. ✏ NOTE USB 2.0 support has been tested with Windows 2000 and Windows XP drivers and is not currently supported by any other operating system. 1.7.3 IDE Interfaces The ICH4’s IDE controller has two independent bus-mastering IDE interfaces that can be independently enabled. The IDE interfaces support the following modes: • Programmed I/O (PIO): processor controls data transfer. • 8237-style DMA: DMA offloads the processor, supporting transfer rates of up to 16 MB/sec. • Ultra DMA: DMA protocol on IDE bus supporting host and target throttling and transfer rates of up to 33 MB/sec. • ATA-66: DMA protocol on IDE bus supporting host and target throttling and transfer rates of up to 66 MB/sec. ATA-66 protocol is similar to Ultra DMA and is device driver compatible. • ATA-100: DMA protocol on IDE bus allows host and target throttling. The ICH4’s ATA-100 logic can achieve transfer rates up to 100 MB/sec. INTEGRATOR’S NOTE � ATA-66 and ATA-100 are faster timings and require a specialized cable to reduce reflections, noise, and inductive coupling. 25 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset The IDE interfaces also support ATAPI devices (such as CD-ROM drives) and ATA devices. The BIOS supports 48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA) and Extended Cylinder Head Sector (ECHS) translation modes. The drive reports the transfer rate and translation mode to the BIOS. The Desktop Boards support Laser Servo (LS-120) diskette technology through the IDE interfaces. The BIOS supports booting from an LS-120 drive. NOTE ✏ The BIOS will always recognize an LS-120 drive as an ATAPI floppy drive. To ensure correct operation, do not configure the drive as a hard disk drive. 1.7.4 Real-Time Clock, CMOS SRAM, and Battery A coin-cell battery (CR2032) powers the real-time clock and CMOS memory. When the computer is not plugged into a wall socket, the battery has an estimated life of three years. When the computer is plugged in, the standby current from the power supply extends the life of the battery. The clock is accurate to ± 13 minutes/year at 25 ºC with 3.3 VSB applied. INTEGRATOR’S NOTE � If the battery and AC power fail, custom defaults, if previously saved, will be loaded into CMOS RAM at power-on. 1.8 I/O Controller The I/O controller (SMSC LPC47M102) provides the following features: • Two serial ports • One parallel port with Extended Capabilities Port (ECP) and Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP) support • Serial IRQ interface compatible with serialized IRQ support for PCI systems • PS/2-style mouse and keyboard interfaces • Interface for one 1.2 MB or 1.44 MB diskette drive • Intelligent power management, including a programmable wake-up event interface • Two fan tachometer inputs The BIOS Setup program provides configuration options for the I/O controller. For information about Refer to SMSC LPC47M102 I/O controller http://www.smsc.com 26 Product Description 1.8.1 Serial Ports The Desktop Board has two serial port connectors. Serial port A is located on the back panel. 9 Serial port B is accessible using a connector on the component side of the Desktop Board . The serial ports support data transfers at speeds up to 115.2 kbits/sec with BIOS support. 1.8.2 Parallel Port The 25-pin D-Sub parallel port connector is located on the back panel. Use the BIOS Setup program to set the parallel port mode. 1.8.3 Diskette Drive Controller The I/O controller supports one diskette drive. Use the BIOS Setup program to configure the diskette drive interface. 1.8.4 Keyboard and Mouse Interface PS/2 keyboard and mouse connectors are located on the back panel. INTEGRATOR’S NOTE � The keyboard is supported in the bottom PS/2 connector and the mouse is supported in the top PS/2 connector. Power to the computer should be turned off before a keyboard or mouse is connected or disconnected. 1.9 Audio Subsystem The audio subsystem consists of the following devices: • Intel 82801DB I/O Controller Hub (ICH4) • SigmaTel STAC9750/66 audio codec 10 The audio subsystem includes these features : • SigmaTel Σ∆ technology for a S/N (signal-to-noise) ratio: ≥ 85 dB • Supports wake events (driver dependent) • Mic in pre-amp that supports dynamic, condenser, and electret microphones 9 The location of the serial port B connector is product dependent. For more information, refer to the Product Supplement Document for your Desktop Board. 10 Contact your Intel sales representative to determine if the audio subsystem is present on your Intel Desktop Board. 27 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset The audio subsystem supports the following audio interfaces: • ATAPI-style connectors:  Auxiliary line in  CD-ROM 11 • Front panel audio connector , including pins for:  Line out  Mic in • Back panel audio connectors:  Line out  Line in  Mic in 1.9.1 Audio Connectors 1.9.1.1 Auxiliary Line In Connector A 1 x 4-pin ATAPI-style connector connects the left and right channel signals of an internal audio device to the audio subsystem. 1.9.1.2 ATAPI CD-ROM Audio Connector A 1 x 4-pin ATAPI-style connector connects an internal ATAPI CD-ROM drive to the audio mixer. 1.9.2 Audio Subsystem Software Audio software and drivers are available from Intel’s World Wide Web site. For information about Refer to Obtaining audio software and drivers Section 1.2, page 12 1.10 LAN Subsystem The Network Interface Controller subsystem consists of the ICH4 (with integrated LAN Media 12 Access Controller) and a physical layer interface device. Features of the LAN subsystem include : • PCI Bus Master interface • CSMA/CD Protocol Engine • PCI Power Management  Supports ACPI technology  Supports LAN wake capabilities 11 The front panel audio connector is not present on all boards that contain the audio subsystem. Contact your Intel sales representative to determine if the front panel audio connector is present on your Intel Desktop Board. 12 Contact your Intel sales representative to determine if the LAN subsystem is present on your Intel Desktop Board. 28 Product Description ® 1.10.1 Intel 82562ET Platform LAN Connect Device The Intel 82562ET component provides an interface to the back panel RJ-45 connector with integrated LEDs. The Intel 82562ET provides the following functions: • Basic 10/100 Ethernet LAN connectivity • Supports RJ-45 connector with status indicator LEDs on the back panel • Full device driver compatibility • ACPI support • Programmable transit threshold • EEPROM that contains the MAC address 1.10.2 RJ-45 LAN Connector with Integrated LEDs Two LEDs are built into the RJ-45 LAN connector. Table 9 describes the LED states when the board is powered up and the LAN subsystem is operating. Table 9. LAN Connector LED States LED Color LED State Condition Green Off 10 Mbit/sec data rate is selected. On 100 Mbit/sec data rate is selected. Yellow Off LAN link is not established. On (steady state) LAN link is established. On (brighter and pulsing) The computer is communicating with another computer on the LAN. 1.10.3 LAN Subsystem Software LAN software and drivers are available from Intel’s World Wide Web site. For information about Refer to Obtaining LAN software and drivers Section 1.2, page 12 1.11 Hardware Management Subsystem The hardware management features enable the boards to be compatible with the Wired for Management (WfM) specification. The board has several hardware management features, including the following: • Fan monitoring (through the I/O controller) • Chassis intrusion detection For information about Refer to The WfM specification Section 1.4, page 13 29 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 1.11.1 Fan Monitoring ® ® ® Fan monitoring can be implemented using Intel Active Monitor, Intel LANDesk Client Manager, or third-party software. For information about Refer to The functions of the fan connectors Section 1.12.2.2, page 34 1.11.2 Chassis Intrusion and Detection The Desktop Boards support a chassis security feature that detects if the chassis cover is removed. For the chassis intrusion circuit to function, the chassis’ power supply must be connected to AC power. The security feature uses a mechanical switch on the chassis that attaches to the chassis intrusion connector. The mechanical switch is open for normal computer operation. NOTE ✏ Chassis intrusion detection may be implemented using Intel LANDesk Client Manager or third- party software. 1.12 Power Management Power management is implemented at several levels, including: • Software support through Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) • Hardware support:  Power connector  Fan connectors  LAN wake capabilities  Instantly Available PC technology  Resume on Ring  Wake from USB  Wake from PS/2 devices  Power Management Event signal (PME#) wake-up support 30 Product Description 1.12.1 ACPI ACPI gives the operating system direct control over the power management and Plug and Play functions of a computer. The use of ACPI with these Desktop Boards requires an operating system that provides full ACPI support. ACPI features include: • Plug and Play (including bus and device enumeration) • Power management control of individual devices, add-in boards (some add-in boards may require an ACPI-aware driver), video displays, and hard disk drives • Methods for achieving less than 15-watt system operation in the power-on/standby sleeping state • A Soft-off feature that enables the operating system to power-off the computer • Support for multiple wake-up events (see Table 12 on page 33) • Support for a front panel power and sleep mode switch Table 10 lists the system states based on how long the power switch is pressed, depending on how ACPI is configured with an ACPI-aware operating system. Table 10. Effects of Pressing the Power Switch …and the power switch is If the system is in this state… pressed for …the system enters this state Off Less than four seconds Power-on (ACPI G2/G5 – Soft off) (ACPI G0 – working state) On Less than four seconds Soft-off/Standby (ACPI G0 – working state) (ACPI G1 – sleeping state) On More than four seconds Fail safe power-off (ACPI G0 – working state) (ACPI G2/G5 – Soft off) Sleep Less than four seconds Wake-up (ACPI G1 – sleeping state) (ACPI G0 – working state) Sleep More than four seconds Power-off (ACPI G1 – sleeping state) (ACPI G2/G5 – Soft off) For information about Refer to The Desktop Boards’ compliance level with ACPI Section 1.4, page 13 31 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 1.12.1.1 System States and Power States Under ACPI, the operating system directs all system and device power state transitions. The operating system puts devices in and out of low-power states based on user preferences and knowledge of how devices are being used by applications. Devices that are not being used can be turned off. The operating system uses information from applications and user settings to put the system as a whole into a low-power state. Table 11 lists the power states supported by these Desktop Boards along with the associated system power targets. See the ACPI specification for a complete description of the various system and power states. Table 11. Power States and Targeted System Power Processor Targeted System (Note 1) Global States Sleeping States States Device States Power G0 – working S0 – working C0 – working D0 – working Full power > 30 W state state. G1 – sleeping S1 – Processor C1 – stop D1, D2, D3 – 5 W < power < 52.5 W state stopped grant device specification specific. (Note 2) G1 – sleeping S3 – Suspend to No power D3 – no power Power < 5 W state RAM. Context except for saved to RAM. wake-up logic. (Note 2) G1 – sleeping S4 – Suspend to No power D3 – no power Power < 5 W state disk. Context except for saved to disk. wake-up logic. (Note 2) G2/S5 S5 – Soft off. No power D3 – no power Power < 5 W Context not saved. except for Cold boot is wake-up logic. required. G3 – No power to the No power D3 – no power for No power to the system. mechanical off system. wake-up logic, Service can be performed except when safely. AC power is provided by disconnected battery or external from the source. computer. Notes: 1. Total system power is dependent on the system configuration, including add-in boards and peripherals powered by the system chassis’ power supply. 2. Dependent on the standby power consumption of wake-up devices used in the system. 32 Product Description 1.12.1.2 Wake-up Devices and Events Table 12 lists the devices or specific events that can wake the computer from specific states. Table 12. Wake-up Devices and Events These devices/events can wake up the computer… …from this state (Note) LAN S1, S3, S4, S5 Modem (back panel Serial port A) S1, S3 PME# signal S1, S3, S4, S5 Power switch S1, S3, S4, S5 PS/2 devices S1, S3 RTC alarm S1, S3, S4, S5 USB S1, S3 Note: For LAN and PME# signal, S5 is disabled by default in the BIOS Setup program. Setting this option to Power On will enable a wake-up event from LAN in the S5 state. NOTE ✏ The use of these wake-up events from an ACPI state requires an operating system that provides full ACPI support. In addition, software, drivers, and peripherals must fully support ACPI wake events. 1.12.2 Hardware Support CAUTION Ensure that the power supply provides adequate +5 V standby current if LAN wake capabilities and Instantly Available PC technology features are used. Failure to do so can damage the power 13 supply. The Desktop Boards provide several power management hardware features, including: • Power connector • Fan connectors • LAN wake capabilities • Instantly Available PC technology • Resume on Ring • Wake from USB • Wake from PS/2 keyboard • PME# signal wake-up support 13 Standby current requirements are product dependent. For information on power usage and standby current requirements, refer to the Product Supplement Document for your Intel Desktop Board. 33 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset LAN wake capabilities and Instantly Available PC technology require power from the +5 V standby line. The sections discussing these features describe the incremental standby power requirements for each. Resume on Ring enables telephony devices to access the computer when it is in a power-managed state. The method used depends on the type of telephony device (external or internal). NOTE ✏ The use of Resume on Ring and Wake from USB technologies from an ACPI state requires an operating system that provides full ACPI support. 1.12.2.1 Power Connector ATX12V- and SFX12V-compliant power supplies can turn off the system power through software control. When an ACPI-enabled system receives the correct command, the power supply removes all non-standby voltages. When resuming from an AC power failure, the computer returns to the power state it was in before power was interrupted (on or off). The computer’s response can be set using the Last Power State feature in the BIOS Setup program’s Boot menu. For information about Refer to The ATX specification Section 1.4, page 13 1.12.2.2 Fan Connectors Table 13 summarizes the function/operation of the fan connectors. Table 13. Fan Connector Function/Operation Connector Description Processor fan • +12 V DC connection for a processor fan or active fan heatsink. • Fan is on in the S0 or S1 state. Fan is off when the system is off or in the S3, S4, or S5 state. • Wired to a fan tachometer input of the I/O controller. Front chassis fan • +12 V DC connection for a system or chassis fan. • Fan is on in the S0 or S1 state. Fan is off when the system is off or in the S3, S4, or S5 state. Rear chassis fan • +12 V DC connection for a system or chassis fan. • Fan is on in the S0 or S1 state. Fan is off when the system is off or in the S3, S4, or S5 state. • Wired to a fan tachometer input of the I/O controller. 34 Product Description 1.12.2.3 LAN Wake Capabilities CAUTION For LAN wake capabilities, the +5 V standby line for the power supply must be capable of providing adequate +5 V standby current. Failure to provide adequate standby current when 14 implementing LAN wake capabilities can damage the power supply. LAN wake capabilities enable remote wake-up of the computer through a network. The LAN subsystem PCI bus network adapter monitors network traffic at the Media Independent Interface. † Upon detecting a Magic Packet frame, the LAN subsystem asserts a wake-up signal that powers up the computer. Depending on the LAN implementation, the Desktop Boards support LAN wake capabilities with ACPI in the following ways: • The PCI bus PME# signal for PCI 2.2 compliant LAN designs • The onboard LAN subsystem 1.12.2.4 Instantly Available PC Technology CAUTION For Instantly Available PC technology, the +5 V standby line for the power supply must be capable of providing adequate +5 V standby current. Failure to provide adequate standby current 14 when implementing Instantly Available PC technology can damage the power supply. Instantly Available PC technology enables the Desktop Boards to enter the ACPI S3 (Suspend-to-RAM) sleep-state. While in the S3 sleep-state, the computer will appear to be off (the power supply is off and the front panel LED is amber if dual colored, or off if single colored.) When signaled by a wake-up device or event, the system quickly returns to its last known wake state. Table 12 on page 33 lists the devices and events that can wake the computer from the S3 state. The Desktop Boards support the PCI Bus Power Management Interface Specification. For information on the version of this specification, see Section 1.4. Add-in boards that also support this specification can participate in power management and can be used to wake the computer. The use of Instantly Available PC technology requires operating system support and PCI 2.2 compliant add-in cards and drivers. 14 Standby current requirements are product dependent. For information on power usage and standby current requirements, refer to the Product Supplement Document for your Intel Desktop Board. 35 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 1.12.2.5 +5 V Standby Power Indicator LED 15 The +5 V standby power indicator LED shows that power is still present even when the computer appears to be off. CAUTION If AC power has been switched off and the standby power indicator is still lit, disconnect the power cord before installing or removing any devices connected to the board. Failure to do so could damage the board and any attached devices. 1.12.2.6 Resume on Ring The operation of Resume on Ring can be summarized as follows: • Resumes operation from ACPI S1 or S3 states • Detects incoming call similarly for external and internal modems • Requires modem interrupt be unmasked for correct operation 1.12.2.7 Wake from USB USB bus activity wakes the computer from ACPI S1 or S3 states. NOTE ✏ Wake from USB requires the use of a USB peripheral that supports Wake from USB. 1.12.2.8 Wake from PS/2 Devices PS/2 device activity wakes the computer from ACPI S1 or S3 states. 1.12.2.9 PME# Signal Wake-up Support When the PME# signal on the PCI bus is asserted, the computer wakes from ACPI S1, S3, S4, or S5 states (with Wake on PME enabled in BIOS). 15 The location of the standby power indicator LED is product dependent. For information, refer to the Product Supplement Document for your Desktop Board. 36 2 Technical Reference 2.1 Introduction Sections 2.2 - 2.6 contain several standalone tables. Table 14 describes the system memory map, Table 15 shows the fixed I/O map, Table 16 lists the DMA channels, Table 17 defines the PCI configuration space map, and Table 18 describes the interrupts. The remaining sections in this chapter are introduced by text found with their respective section headings. 2.2 Memory Map Table 14. System Memory Map Address Range (decimal) Address Range (hex) Size Description 1024 K - 2097152 K 100000 - 7FFFFFFF 2047 MB Extended memory 960 K - 1024 K F0000 - FFFFF 64 KB Runtime BIOS 896 K - 960 K E0000 - EFFFF 64 KB Reserved 800 K - 896 K C8000 - DFFFF 96 KB Available high DOS memory (open to the PCI bus) 640 K - 800 K A0000 - C7FFF 160 KB Video memory and BIOS 639 K - 640 K 9FC00 - 9FFFF 1 KB Extended BIOS data (movable by memory manager software) 512 K - 639 K 80000 - 9FBFF 127 KB Extended conventional memory 0 K - 512 K 00000 - 7FFFF 512 KB Conventional memory 37 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 2.3 Fixed I/O Map Table 15. Fixed I/O Map Address (hex) Size Description 0000 - 00FF 256 bytes Used by the Desktop Board. Refer to the ICH4 data sheet for dynamic addressing information. 0170 - 0177 8 bytes Secondary IDE channel 01F0 - 01F7 8 bytes Primary IDE channel 0228 - 022F (Note 1) 8 bytes LPT3 0278 - 027F (Note 1) 8 bytes LPT2 02E8 - 02EF (Note 1) 8 bytes COM4/video (8514A) 02F8 - 02FF (Note 1) 8 bytes COM2 0376 1 byte Secondary IDE channel command port 0378 - 037F 8 bytes LPT1 03B0 - 03BB 12 bytes Intel 82845GL GMCH 03C0 - 03DF 32 bytes Intel 82845GL GMCH 03E8 - 03EF 8 bytes COM3 03F0 - 03F5 6 bytes Diskette channel 1 03F6 1 byte Primary IDE channel command port 03F8 - 03FF 8 bytes COM1 04D0 - 04D1 2 bytes Edge/level triggered PIC LPTn + 400 8 bytes ECP port, LPTn base address + 400h 0CF8 - 0CFB (Note 2) 4 bytes PCI configuration address register 0CF9 (Note 3) 1 byte Turbo and reset control register 0CFC - 0CFF 4 bytes PCI configuration data register FFA0 - FFA7 8 bytes Primary bus master IDE registers FFA8 - FFAF 8 bytes Secondary bus master IDE registers Notes: 1. Default, but can be changed to another address range 2. Dword access only 3. Byte access only ✏ NOTE Some additional I/O addresses are not available due to ICH4 address aliassing. The ICH4 data sheet provides more information on address aliassing. For information about Refer to Obtaining the ICH4 data sheet Section 1.2 on page 12 38 Technical Reference 2.4 DMA Channels Table 16. DMA Channels DMA Channel Number Data Width System Resource 0 8 or 16 bits Open 1 8 or 16 bits Parallel port 2 8 or 16 bits Diskette drive 3 8 or 16 bits Parallel port (for ECP or EPP) 4 8 or 16 bits DMA controller 5 16 bits Open 6 16 bits Open 7 16 bits Open 2.5 PCI Configuration Space Map Table 17. PCI Configuration Space Map Bus Device Function Number (hex) Number (hex) Number (hex) Description 00 00 00 Memory controller of Intel 82845GL component 00 02 00 Intel Extreme Graphics controller 00 1E 00 Hub link to PCI bridge 00 1F 00 Intel 82801DB ICH4 PCI to LPC bridge 00 1F 01 IDE controller 00 1F 03 SMBus controller 00 1F 05 AC ’97 audio controller 00 1F 06 AC ’97 modem controller (optional) 00 1D 00 USB UHCI controller 1 00 1D 01 USB UHCI controller 2 00 1D 02 USB UHCI controller 3 00 1D 07 EHCI controller 01 08 00 LAN controller (optional) 01 00 00 PCI bus connector 1 01 01 00 PCI bus connector 2 01 02 00 PCI bus connector 3 01 03 00 PCI bus connector 4 39 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 2.6 Interrupts The interrupts can be routed through either the Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) or the Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC) portion of the ICH4 component. The PIC is supported in Windows 98 SE and Windows ME and uses the first 16 interrupts. The APIC is supported in Windows 2000 and Windows XP and supports a total of 24 interrupts. Table 18. Interrupts IRQ System Resource NMI I/O channel check 0 Reserved, interval timer 1 Reserved, keyboard buffer full 2 Reserved, cascade interrupt from slave PIC (Note 1) 3 COM2 (Note 1) 4 COM1 5 LPT2 (Plug and Play option)/User available 6 Diskette drive (Note 1) 7 LPT1 8 Real-time clock 9 Reserved for ICH4 system management bus 10 User available 11 User available 12 Onboard mouse port (if present, else user available) 13 Reserved, math coprocessor 14 Primary IDE (if present, else user available) 15 Secondary IDE (if present, else user available) (Note 2) 16 USB UHCI controller 1 (through PIRQA) (Note 2) 17 AC ’97 audio/modem/User available (through PIRQB) (Note 2) 18 ICH4 USB controller 3 (through PIRQC) (Note 2) 19 ICH4 USB controller 2 (through PIRQD) (Note 2) 20 ICH4 LAN (optional) (through PIRQE) (Note 2) 21 User available (through PIRQF) (Note 2) 22 User available (through PIRQG) (Note 2) 23 ICH4 USB 2.0 EHCI controller/User available (through PIRQH) Notes: 1. Default, but can be changed to another IRQ. 2. Available in APIC mode only. 40 Technical Reference 2.7 PCI Interrupt Routing Map This section describes interrupt sharing and how the interrupt signals are connected between the PCI bus connectors and onboard PCI devices. The PCI specification specifies how interrupts can be shared between devices attached to the PCI bus. In most cases, the small amount of latency added by interrupt sharing does not affect the operation or throughput of the devices. In some special cases where maximum performance is needed from a device, a PCI device should not share an interrupt with other PCI devices. Use the following information to avoid sharing an interrupt with a PCI add-in card. PCI devices are categorized as follows to specify their interrupt grouping: • INTA: By default, all add-in cards that require only one interrupt are in this category. For almost all cards that require more than one interrupt, the first interrupt on the card is also classified as INTA. • INTB: Generally, the second interrupt on add-in cards that require two or more interrupts is classified as INTB. (This is not an absolute requirement.) • INTC and INTD: Generally, a third interrupt on add-in cards is classified as INTC and a fourth interrupt is classified as INTD. The ICH4 has eight Programmable Interrupt Request (PIRQ) input signals. All PCI interrupt sources either onboard or from a PCI add-in card connect to one of these PIRQ signals. Some PCI interrupt sources are electrically tied together on the Desktop Boards and therefore share the same interrupt. Table 19 shows an example of how the PIRQ signals are routed. For example, using Table 19 as a reference, assume an add-in card using INTA is plugged into PCI bus connector 3. In PCI bus connector 3, INTA is connected to PIRQC, which is already connected to the ICH4 USB UHCI Controller 3. The add-in card in PCI bus connector 3 now shares an interrupt with this onboard interrupt source. 41 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset Table 19. PCI Interrupt Routing Map ICH4 PIRQ Signal Name PCI Interrupt Source PIRQA PIRQB PIRQC PIRQD PIRQE PIRQF PIRQG PIRQH ICH4 USB UHCI controller 1 INTA SMBus controller INTB ICH4 USB UHCI controller 2 INTB AC ’97 ICH4 Audio/Modem INTB ICH4 LAN INTA ICH4 USB UHCI controller 3 INTC ICH4 USB 2.0 EHCI controller INTD PCI bus connector 1 INTD INTA INTB INTC PCI bus connector 2 INTC INTB INTA INTD PCI bus connector 3 INTD INTC INTA INTB PCI bus connector 4 INTB INTA INTC INTD NOTE ✏ In PIC mode, the ICH4 can connect each PIRQ line internally to one of the IRQ signals (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 15). Typically, a device that does not share a PIRQ line will have a unique interrupt. However, in certain interrupt-constrained situations, it is possible for two or more of the PIRQ lines to be connected to the same IRQ signal. Refer to Table 18 for the allocation of PIRQ lines to IRQ signals in APIC mode. 42 Technical Reference 2.8 Environmental Table 20 lists the environmental specifications for the Desktop Boards. Table 20. Desktop Board Environmental Specifications Parameter Specification Temperature Non-Operating -40 °C to +70 °C Operating 0 °C to +55 °C Shock Unpackaged 50 g trapezoidal waveform Velocity change of 170 inches/second Packaged Half sine 2 millisecond Product Weight (pounds) Free Fall (inches) Velocity Change (inches/sec) <20 36 167 21-40 30 152 41-80 24 136 81-100 18 118 Vibration Unpackaged 5 Hz to 20 Hz: 0.01 g² Hz sloping up to 0.02 g² Hz 20 Hz to 500 Hz: 0.02 g² Hz (flat) Packaged 10 Hz to 40 Hz: 0.015 g² Hz (flat) 40 Hz to 500 Hz: 0.015 g² Hz sloping down to 0.00015 g² Hz 43 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 44 3 BIOS Overview 3.1 Introduction 16 The Desktop Boards use an Intel/AMI BIOS that is stored in the Firmware Hub (FWH) and can be updated using a disk-based program. The FWH contains the BIOS Setup program, POST, the PCI auto-configuration utility, and Plug and Play support. The BIOS displays a message during POST identifying the type of BIOS and a revision code. The initial production BIOSs are identified as LY84510.86A. For information about Refer to The Desktop Boards’ compliance level with Plug and Play Section 1.4, page 13 3.2 BIOS Flash Memory Organization The Firmware Hub (FWH) includes a 4 Mbit (512 KB) symmetrical flash memory device. Internally, the device is grouped into eight 64-KB blocks that are individually erasable, lockable, and unlockable. 3.3 Resource Configuration 3.3.1 PCI Autoconfiguration The BIOS can automatically configure PCI devices. PCI devices may be onboard or add-in cards. Autoconfiguration lets a user insert or remove PCI cards without having to configure the system. When a user turns on the system after adding a PCI card, the BIOS automatically configures interrupts, the I/O space, and other system resources. Any interrupts set to Available in Setup are considered to be available for use by the add-in card. Autoconfiguration information is stored in ESCD format. For information about the versions of PCI and Plug and Play supported by the BIOS, see Section 1.4. 3.3.2 PCI IDE Support If you select Auto in the BIOS Setup program, the BIOS automatically sets up the two PCI IDE connectors with independent I/O channel support. The IDE interface supports hard drives up to ATA-66/100 and recognizes any ATAPI compliant devices, including CD-ROM drives, tape drives, and Ultra DMA drives (see Section 1.4 for the supported version of ATAPI). The BIOS 16 Some Desktop Boards may use a different BIOS core. For more information, refer to the Product Supplement Document for your Desktop Board. 45 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset determines the capabilities of each drive and configures them to optimize capacity and performance. To take advantage of the high capacities typically available today, hard drives are automatically configured for Logical Block Addressing (LBA) and to PIO Mode 3 or 4, depending on the capability of the drive. You can override the auto-configuration options by specifying manual configuration in the BIOS Setup program. To use ATA-66/100 features the following items are required: • An ATA-66/100 peripheral device • An ATA-66/100 compatible cable • ATA-66/100 operating system device drivers NOTE ✏ ATA-66/100 compatible cables are backward compatible with drives using slower IDE transfer protocols. If an ATA-66/100 disk drive and a disk drive using any other IDE transfer protocol are attached to the same cable, the maximum transfer rate between the drives is reduced to that of the slowest device. NOTE ✏ Do not connect an ATA device as a slave on the same IDE cable as an ATAPI master device. For example, do not connect an ATA hard drive as a slave to an ATAPI CD-ROM drive. 3.4 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) SMBIOS is a Desktop Management Interface (DMI) compliant method for managing computers in a managed network. The main component of SMBIOS is the Management Information Format (MIF) database, which contains information about the computing system and its components. Using SMBIOS, a system administrator can obtain the system types, capabilities, operational status, and installation dates for system components. The MIF database defines the data and provides the method for accessing this information. The BIOS enables applications such as third-party management software to use SMBIOS. The BIOS stores and reports the following SMBIOS information: • BIOS data, such as the BIOS revision level • Fixed-system data, such as peripherals, serial numbers, and asset tags • Resource data, such as memory size, cache size, and processor speed • Dynamic data, such as event detection and error logging Non-Plug and Play operating systems, such as Windows NT, require an additional interface for obtaining the SMBIOS information. The BIOS supports an SMBIOS table interface for such operating systems. Using this support, an SMBIOS service-level application running on a non-Plug and Play operating system can obtain the SMBIOS information. For information about Refer to The Desktop Boards’ compliance level with SMBIOS Section 1.4, page 13 46 BIOS Overview 3.5 Legacy USB Support Legacy USB support enables USB devices such as keyboards, mice, and hubs to be used even when the operating system’s USB drivers are not yet available. Legacy USB support is used to access the BIOS Setup program, and to install an operating system that supports USB. By default, Legacy USB support is set to Enabled. Legacy USB support operates as follows: 1. When you apply power to the computer, legacy support is disabled. 2. POST begins. 3. Legacy USB support is enabled by the BIOS allowing you to use a USB keyboard to enter and configure the BIOS Setup program and the maintenance menu. 4. POST completes. 5. The operating system loads. While the operating system is loading, USB keyboards and mice are recognized and may be used to configure the operating system. (Keyboards and mice are not recognized during this period if Legacy USB support was set to Disabled in the BIOS Setup program.) 6. After the operating system loads the USB drivers, all legacy and non-legacy USB devices are recognized by the operating system, and Legacy USB support from the BIOS is no longer used. To install an operating system that supports USB, verify that Legacy USB support in the BIOS Setup program is set to Enabled and follow the operating system’s installation instructions. NOTE ✏ Legacy USB support is for keyboards, mice, and hubs only. Other USB devices are not supported in legacy mode. 3.6 BIOS Updates The BIOS can be updated using either of the following utilities, which are available on the Intel World Wide Web site: ® • Intel Express BIOS Update utility, which enables automated updating while in the Windows environment. Using this utility, the BIOS can be updated from a file on a hard disk, a 1.44 MB diskette, or a CD-ROM, or from the file location on the Web. ® • Intel Flash Memory Update Utility, which requires creation of a boot diskette and manual rebooting of the system. Using this utility, the BIOS can be updated from a file on a 1.44 MB diskette (from a legacy diskette drive or an LS-120 diskette drive) or a CD-ROM. Both utilities support the following BIOS maintenance functions: • Verifying that the updated BIOS matches the target system to prevent accidentally installing an incompatible BIOS. • Updating both the BIOS boot block and the main BIOS. This process is fault tolerant to prevent boot block corruption. 47 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset • Updating the BIOS boot block separately. • Changing the language section of the BIOS. • Updating replaceable BIOS modules, such as the video BIOS module. • Inserting a custom splash screen. NOTE ✏ Review the instructions distributed with the upgrade utility before attempting a BIOS update. For information about Refer to The Intel World Wide Web site Section 1.2, page 12 3.6.1 Language Support The BIOS Setup program and help messages are supported in five languages: US English, German, Italian, French, and Spanish. The default language is US English, which is present unless another language is selected in the BIOS Setup program. 3.6.2 Custom Splash Screen During POST, an Intel splash screen is displayed by default. This splash screen can be replaced with a custom splash screen. A utility is available from Intel to assist with creating a custom splash screen. The custom splash screen can be programmed into the flash memory using the BIOS upgrade utility. Information about this capability is available on the Intel Support World Wide Web site. For information about Refer to The Intel World Wide Web site Section 1.2, page 12 48 BIOS Overview 3.7 Recovering BIOS Data Some types of failure can destroy the BIOS. For example, the data can be lost if a power outage occurs while the BIOS is being updated in flash memory. The BIOS can be recovered from a diskette using the BIOS recovery mode. When recovering the BIOS, be aware of the following: • Because of the small amount of code available in the non-erasable boot block area, there is no video support. You can only monitor this procedure by listening to the speaker or looking at the diskette drive LED. • The recovery process may take several minutes; larger BIOS flash memory devices require more time. • Two beeps and the end of activity in the diskette drive indicate successful BIOS recovery. • A series of continuous beeps indicates a failed BIOS recovery. To create a BIOS recovery diskette, a bootable diskette must be created and the BIOS update files copied to it. BIOS upgrades and the Intel Flash Memory Update Utility are available from Intel Customer Support through the Intel World Wide Web site. NOTE ✏ Even if the computer is configured to boot from an LS-120 diskette (in the Setup program’s Removable Devices submenu), the BIOS recovery diskette must be a standard 1.44 MB diskette not a 120 MB diskette. For information about Refer to The Boot menu in the BIOS Setup program Section 4.7, page 70 Contacting Intel customer support Section 1.2, page 12 3.8 Boot Options In the BIOS Setup program, the user can choose to boot from a diskette drive, hard drives, CD-ROM, or the network. The default setting is for the diskette drive to be the first boot device, the hard drive second, and the ATAPI CD-ROM third. The fourth device is disabled. 3.8.1 CD-ROM Boot Booting from CD-ROM is supported in compliance to the El Torito bootable CD-ROM format specification. Under the Boot menu in the BIOS Setup program, ATAPI CD-ROM is listed as a boot device. Boot devices are defined in priority order. Accordingly, if there is not a bootable CD in the CD-ROM drive, the system will attempt to boot from the next defined drive. For information about Refer to The El Torito specification Section 1.4, page 13 49 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 3.8.2 Network Boot The network can be selected as a boot device. This selection allows booting from the onboard LAN or a network add-in card with a remote boot ROM installed. Pressing the key during POST automatically forces boot from the LAN. 3.8.3 Booting Without Attached Devices For use in embedded applications, the BIOS has been designed so that after passing the POST, the operating system loader is invoked even if the following devices are not present: • Video adapter • Keyboard • Mouse 3.8.4 Changing the Default Boot Device During POST Pressing the key during POST causes a boot device menu to be displayed. This menu displays the list of available boot devices (as set in the BIOS setup program’s Boot Device Priority Submenu). Table 21 lists the boot device menu options. Table 21. Boot Device Menu Options Boot Device Menu Function Keys Description <↑> or <↓> Selects a default boot device Exits the menu, saves changes, and boots from the selected device Exits the menu without saving changes ® 3.9 Fast Booting Systems with Intel Rapid BIOS Boot These factors affect system boot speed: • Selecting and configuring peripherals properly ® • Using an optimized BIOS, such as the Intel Rapid BIOS 3.9.1 Peripheral Selection and Configuration The following techniques help improve system boot speed: • Choose a hard drive with parameters such as “power-up to data ready” less than eight seconds, that minimize hard drive startup delays. • Select a CD-ROM drive with a fast initialization rate. This rate can influence POST execution time. • Eliminate unnecessary add-in adapter features, such as logo displays, screen repaints, or mode changes in POST. These features may add time to the boot process. • Try different monitors. Some monitors initialize and communicate with the BIOS more quickly, which enables the system to boot more quickly. 50 BIOS Overview 3.9.2 Intel Rapid BIOS Boot Use of the following BIOS Setup program settings reduces the POST execution time. In the Boot Menu: • Set the hard disk drive as the first boot device. As a result, the POST does not first seek a diskette drive, which saves about one second from the POST execution time. • Disable Quiet Boot, which eliminates display of the logo splash screen. This could save several seconds of painting complex graphic images and changing video modes. • Enabled Intel Rapid BIOS Boot. This feature bypasses memory count and the search for a diskette drive. In the Peripheral Configuration submenu, disable the LAN device if it will not be used. This can reduce up to four seconds of option ROM boot time. NOTE ✏ It is possible to optimize the boot process to the point where the system boots so quickly that the Intel logo screen (or a custom logo splash screen) will not be seen. Monitors and hard disk drives with minimum initialization times can also contribute to a boot time that might be so fast that necessary logo screens and POST messages cannot be seen. This boot time may be so fast that some drives might be not be initialized at all. If this condition should occur, it is possible to introduce a programmable delay ranging from three to 30 seconds (using the Hard Disk Pre-Delay feature of the Advanced Menu in the IDE Configuration Submenu of the BIOS Setup program). For information about Refer to IDE Configuration Submenu in the BIOS Setup program Section 4.4.4, page 60 3.10 BIOS Security Features The BIOS includes security features that restrict access to the BIOS Setup program and who can boot the computer. A supervisor password and a user password can be set for the BIOS Setup program and for booting the computer, with the following restrictions: • The supervisor password gives unrestricted access to view and change all the Setup options in the BIOS Setup program. This is the supervisor mode. • The user password gives access to view and change Setup options in the BIOS Setup program based on the setting of the User Access Level option in the BIOS Setup Program’s Security Menu. This is the user mode. • If only the supervisor password is set, pressing the key at the password prompt of the BIOS Setup program allows the user access to Setup based on the setting of the User Access Level option in the BIOS Setup Program’s Security Menu. • If both the supervisor and user passwords are set, users can enter either the supervisor password or the user password to access Setup. Users have access to Setup respective to which password is entered. 51 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset • Setting the user password restricts who can boot the computer. The password prompt will be displayed before the computer is booted. If only the supervisor password is set, the computer boots without asking for a password. If both passwords are set, the user can enter either password to boot the computer. Table 22 shows the effects of setting the supervisor password and user password. This table is for reference only and is not displayed on the screen. Table 22. Supervisor and User Password Functions Supervisor Password to Password Password Set Mode User Mode Setup Options Enter Setup During Boot Neither Can change all Can change all None None None (Note) (Note) options options Supervisor Can change all Can change a Supervisor Password Supervisor None only options limited number of options User only N/A Can change all Enter Password User User options Clear User Password Supervisor Can change all Can change a Supervisor Password Supervisor or Supervisor or and user set options limited number Enter Password user user of options Note: If no password is set, any user can change all Setup options. For information about Refer to Setting user and supervisor passwords Section 4.5, page 68 ��INTEGRATOR’S NOTE For enhanced security, use different passwords for the supervisor and user passwords. 52 4 BIOS Setup Program 4.1 Introduction The BIOS Setup program can be used to view and change the BIOS settings for the computer. The BIOS Setup program is accessed by pressing the key after the Power-On Self-Test (POST) memory test begins and before the operating system boot begins. The menu bar is shown below. Maintenance Main Advanced Security Power Boot Exit Table 23 lists the BIOS Setup program menu features. Table 23. BIOS Setup Program Menu Bar Maintenance Main Advanced Security Power Boot Exit Clears Allocates Configures Sets Configures Selects boot Saves or passwords and resources for advanced passwords power options and discards BIS credentials hardware features and security management power supply changes to and enables components available features features controls Setup extended through the program configuration chipset options mode For information about Refer to Boot Integrity Services (BIS) Section 1.4, page 13 NOTE ✏ In this chapter, all examples of the BIOS Setup program menu bar include the maintenance menu; however, the maintenance menu is displayed only when the Desktop Board is in configuration mode. Table 24 lists the function keys available for menu screens. Table 24. BIOS Setup Program Function Keys BIOS Setup Program Function Key Description <←> or <→> Selects a different menu screen (Moves the cursor left or right) <↑> or <↓> Selects an item (Moves the cursor up or down) Selects a field (Not implemented) Executes command or selects the submenu Load the default configuration values for the current menu Save the current values and exits the BIOS Setup program Exits the menu 53 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 4.2 Maintenance Menu To access this menu, select Maintenance on the menu bar at the top of the screen. Main Advanced Security Power Boot Exit Maintenance The menu shown in Table 25 is for clearing Setup passwords and enabling extended configuration mode. Setup only displays this menu in configuration mode. Table 25. Maintenance Menu Feature Options Description Clear All Passwords • Ok (default) Clears the user and supervisor passwords. • Cancel Clear BIS Credentials • Ok (default) Clears the Wired for Management Boot Integrity Service (BIS) credentials. • Cancel CPU Stepping No options Displays CPU’s Stepping Signature. Signature CPU Microcode No options Displays CPU’s Microcode Update Revision. Update Revision 4.3 Main Menu To access this menu, select Main on the menu bar at the top of the screen. Maintenance Advanced Security Power Boot Exit Main Table 26 describes the Main menu. This menu reports processor and memory information and is for configuring the system date and system time. Table 26. Main Menu Feature Options Description BIOS Version No options Displays the version of the BIOS. Processor Type No options Displays processor type. Processor Speed No options Displays processor speed. System Bus Speed No options Displays the system bus speed. System Memory No options Displays the system memory speed. Speed Cache RAM No options Displays the size of second-level cache. Total Memory No options Displays the total amount of RAM. Memory Bank 0 No options Displays the amount and type of RAM in the memory banks. Memory Bank 1 Language • English (default) Selects the current default language used by the BIOS. • Español System Time Hour, minute, and Specifies the current time. second System Date Day of week Specifies the current date. Month/day/year 54 BIOS Setup Program 4.4 Advanced Menu To access this menu, select Advanced on the menu bar at the top of the screen. Maintenance Main Security Power Boot Exit Advanced PCI Configuration Boot Configuration Peripheral Configuration IDE Configuration Diskette Configuration Event Log Configuration Video Configuration USB Configuration Chipset Configuration Table 27 describes the Advanced Menu. This menu is used for setting advanced features that are available through the chipset. Table 27. Advanced Menu Feature Options Description PCI Configuration Select to display Configures individual PCI slot’s IRQ priority. submenu Boot Configuration Select to display Configures Plug and Play and the Numlock key, and resets submenu configuration data. Peripheral Configuration Select to display Configures peripheral ports and devices. submenu IDE Configuration Select to display Specifies type of connected IDE devices. submenu Diskette Configuration Select to display Configures the diskette drive. submenu Event Log Configuration Select to display Configures Event Logging. submenu Video Configuration Select to display Configures video features. submenu USB Configuration Select to display Configures USB support. submenu Chipset Configuration Select to display Configures advanced chipset features. submenu 55 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 4.4.1 PCI Configuration Submenu To access this submenu, select Advanced on the menu bar and then PCI Configuration. Maintenance Main Security Power Boot Exit Advanced PCI Configuration Boot Configuration Peripheral Configuration IDE Configuration Diskette Configuration Event Log Configuration Video Configuration USB Configuration Chipset Configuration The submenu shown in Table 28 is used to configure the IRQ priority of PCI slots individually. Table 28. PCI Configuration Submenu Feature Options Description PCI Slot1 IRQ Priority • Auto (default) Allows selection of IRQ priority for PCI bus connector 1. (Note) • 5 • 9 • 10 • 11 PCI Slot2 IRQ Priority • Auto (default) Allows selection of IRQ priority for PCI bus connector 2. (Note) • 5 • 9 • 10 • 11 PCI Slot3 IRQ Priority • Auto (default) Allows selection of IRQ priority for PCI bus connector 3. (Note) • 5 • 9 • 10 • 11 PCI Slot4 IRQ Priority • Auto (default) Allows selection of IRQ priority for PCI bus connector 4. (Note) • 5 • 9 • 10 • 11 Note: Additional interrupts may be available if certain onboard devices (such as the serial and parallel ports) are disabled. 56 BIOS Setup Program 4.4.2 Boot Configuration Submenu To access this submenu, select Advanced on the menu bar and then Boot Configuration. Maintenance Main Security Power Boot Exit Advanced PCI Configuration Boot Configuration Peripheral Configuration IDE Configuration Diskette Configuration Event Log Configuration Video Configuration USB Configuration Chipset Configuration The submenu represented by Table 29 is for setting Plug and Play options, resetting configuration data, and the power-on state of the Numlock key. Table 29. Boot Configuration Submenu Feature Options Description Plug & Play O/S • No (default) Specifies if manual configuration is desired. No lets the BIOS configure all devices. This setting is • Yes appropriate when using a Plug and Play operating system. Yes lets the operating system configure Plug and Play devices not required to boot the system. This option is available for use during lab testing. Numlock • Off Specifies the power-on state of the Numlock feature on the numeric keypad of the keyboard. • On (default) 57 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 4.4.3 Peripheral Configuration Submenu To access this submenu, select Advanced on the menu bar and then Peripheral Configuration. Maintenance Main Security Power Boot Exit Advanced PCI Configuration Boot Configuration Peripheral Configuration IDE Configuration Diskette Configuration Event Log Configuration Video Configuration USB Configuration Chipset Configuration The submenu represented in Table 30 is used for configuring computer peripherals. Table 30. Peripheral Configuration Submenu Feature Options Description Serial Port A • Disabled Configures serial port A. • Enabled Auto assigns the first free COM port, normally COM1, the address 3F8h, and the interrupt IRQ4. • Auto (default) An * (asterisk) displayed next to an address indicates a conflict with another device. Base I/O address • 3F8 (default) Specifies the base I/O address for serial port A, if serial port A (This feature is present is Enabled. • 2F8 only when Serial Port A • 3E8 is set to Enabled) • 2E8 Interrupt • IRQ 3 Specifies the interrupt for serial port A, if serial port A is (This feature is present Enabled. • IRQ 4 only when Serial Port A (default) is set to Enabled) Serial Port B • Disabled Configures serial port B. • Enabled Auto assigns the first free COM port, normally COM 2, the address 3F8h, and the interrupt IRQ4. • Auto (default) An * (asterisk) displayed next to an address indicates a conflict with another device. Base I/O address • 2F8 (default) Specifies the base I/O address for serial port B, if serial port B (This feature is displayed is set to Enabled. • 3E8 only if Serial Port B is set • 2E8 to Enabled.) continued 58 BIOS Setup Program Table 30. Peripheral Configuration Submenu (continued) Feature Options Description Interrupt • IRQ 3 Specifies the interrupt for serial port B, if serial port B is set to (This feature is displayed (default) Enabled. only if Serial Port B is set • IRQ 4 to Enabled.) Parallel port • Disabled Configures the parallel port. • Enabled Auto assigns LPT1 the address 378h and the interrupt IRQ7. • Auto (default) An * (asterisk) displayed next to an address indicates a conflict with another device. Mode • Output Only Selects the mode for the parallel port. Not available if the parallel port is disabled. • Bi-directional † (default) Output Only operates in AT -compatible mode. • EPP Bi-directional operates in PS/2-compatible mode. • ECP EPP is Extended Parallel Port mode, a high-speed bi-directional mode. ECP is Enhanced Capabilities Port mode, a high-speed bi- directional mode. Base I/O address • 378 (default) Specifies the base I/O address for the parallel port. (This feature is present • 278 only when Parallel Port is set to Enabled) Interrupt • IRQ 5 Specifies the interrupt for the parallel port. (This feature is present • IRQ 7 only when Parallel Port (default) is set to Enabled) DMA • 1 Specifies the DMA channel. (This feature is present • 3 (default) only when Parallel Port Mode is set to ECP) Audio Device • Enabled Enables or disables the onboard audio subsystem. (default) For boards with no onboard audio subsystem, this option does not appear. • Disabled LAN Device • Disabled Enables or disables the onboard LAN device. For boards with no onboard LAN subsystem, this option will • Enabled not appear. (default) 59 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 4.4.4 IDE Configuration Submenu To access this submenu, select Advanced on the menu bar and then IDE Configuration. Maintenance Main Security Power Boot Exit Advanced PCI Configuration Boot Configuration Peripheral Configuration IDE Configuration Diskette Configuration Event Log Configuration Video Configuration USB Configuration Chipset Configuration The menu represented in Table 31 is used to configure IDE device options. Table 31. IDE Configuration Submenu Feature Options Description IDE Controller • Disabled Specifies the integrated IDE controller. Primary enables only the primary IDE controller. • Primary Secondary enables only the secondary IDE controller. • Secondary Both enables both IDE controllers. • Both (default) PCI IDE Bus Master • Disabled Enables/disables the use of DMA for hard drive BIOS INT13 reads and writes. • Enabled (default) Hard Disk Pre-Delay • Disabled (default) Specifies the hard disk drive pre-delay. • 3 Seconds • 6 Seconds • 9 Seconds • 12 Seconds • 15 Seconds • 21 Seconds • 30 Seconds Primary IDE Master Select to display sub- Reports type of connected IDE device. menu Primary IDE Slave Select to display sub- Reports type of connected IDE device. menu Secondary IDE Master Select to display sub- Reports type of connected IDE device. menu Secondary IDE Slave Select to display sub- Reports type of connected IDE device. menu 60 BIOS Setup Program 4.4.4.1 Primary/Secondary IDE Master/Slave Submenus To access these submenus, select Advanced on the menu bar, then IDE Configuration, and then the master or slave to be configured. Maintenance Main Security Power Boot Exit Advanced PCI Configuration Boot Configuration Peripheral Configuration IDE Configuration Primary IDE Master Primary IDE Slave Secondary IDE Master Secondary IDE Slave Diskette Configuration Event Log Configuration Video Configuration USB Configuration Chipset Configuration There are four IDE submenus: primary master, primary slave, secondary master, and secondary slave. Table 32 shows the format of the IDE submenus. For brevity, only one example is shown. Table 32. Primary/Secondary IDE Master/Slave Submenus Feature Options Description Drive Installed No options Displays the type of drive installed. Type • Auto (default) Specifies the IDE configuration mode for IDE devices. • User User allows capabilities to be changed. Auto fills-in capabilities from ATA/ATAPI device. Maximum Capacity No options Displays the capacity of the drive. LBA/Large Mode • Disabled Selects the translation mode for the IDE hard disk. • Auto (default) continued 61 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset Table 32. Primary/Secondary IDE Master/Slave Submenus (continued) Feature Options Description Block Mode • Disabled Disabled = Data transfers to/from the device occur one sector at a time. • Auto (default) Auto = Data transfers to/from the device occur multiple sectors at a time if the device supports block mode transfers. PIO Mode • Auto (default) Specifies the PIO mode. • 0 • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 DMA Mode • Auto (default) Specifies the DMA mode for the drive. • SWDMA0 Auto = Auto-detected • SWDMA1 SWDMAn = Single Word DMAn • SWDMA2 SWDMAn = Multi Word DMAn • MWDMA0 UDMAn = Ultra DMAn • MWDMA1 • MWDMA2 • UDMA0 • UDMA1 • UDMA2 • UDMA3 • UDMA4 • UDMA5 Cable Detected No options Displays the type of cable connected to the IDE interface: 40-conductor or 80-conductor (for ATA-100 peripherals). Note: If an LS-120 drive is attached to the system, a row entitled ARMD Emulation Type will be displayed in the above table. The BIOS will always recognize the drive as an ATAPI floppy drive. The ARMD Emulation Type should always be set to Floppy. 62 BIOS Setup Program 4.4.5 Diskette Configuration Submenu To access this menu, select Advanced on the menu bar and then Diskette Configuration. Maintenance Main Security Power Boot Exit Advanced PCI Configuration Boot Configuration Peripheral Configuration IDE Configuration Diskette Configuration Event Log Configuration Video Configuration USB Configuration Chipset Configuration The submenu represented by Table 33 is used for configuring the diskette drive. Table 33. Diskette Configuration Submenu Feature Options Description Diskette Controller • Disabled Disables or enables the integrated diskette controller. • Enabled (default) Floppy A • Not Installed Specifies the capacity and physical size of diskette drive A. • 360 KB 5¼" • 1.2 MB 5¼" • 720 KB 3½" • 1.44/1.25 MB 3½" (default) • 2.88 MB 3½" Diskette Write Protect • Disabled (default) Disables or enables write protection for the diskette drive. • Enabled 63 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 4.4.6 Event Log Configuration Submenu To access this menu, select Advanced on the menu bar and then Event Log Configuration. Maintenance Main Security Power Boot Exit Advanced PCI Configuration Boot Configuration Peripheral Configuration IDE Configuration Diskette Configuration Event Log Configuration Video Configuration USB Configuration Chipset Configuration The submenu represented by Table 34 is used to configure the event logging features. Table 34. Event Log Configuration Submenu Feature Options Description Event Log No options Indicates if there is space available in the event log. View Event Log [Enter] Displays the event log. Clear Event Log • Ok (default) Clears the event log after rebooting. • Cancel Event Logging • Disabled Enables logging of events. • Enabled (default) Mark Events As Read • Ok (default) Marks all events as read. • Cancel 64 BIOS Setup Program 4.4.7 Video Configuration Submenu To access this menu, select Advanced on the menu bar and then Video Configuration. Maintenance Main Security Power Boot Exit Advanced PCI Configuration Boot Configuration Peripheral Configuration IDE Configuration Diskette Configuration Event Log Configuration Video Configuration USB Configuration Chipset Configuration The submenu represented in Table 35 is for configuring the video features. Table 35. Video Configuration Submenu Feature Options Description AGP Aperture Size • 4 MB Sets the aperture size for the video controller. • 8 MB • 16 MB • 32 MB • 64 MB (default) • 128 MB • 256 MB Primary Video Adapter • Integrated (default) Selects primary video adapter to be used during boot. • PCI Frame Buffer Size • 512 KB Sets the frame buffer size. • 1 MB (default) • 8 MB 65 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 4.4.8 USB Configuration Submenu To access this menu, select Advanced on the menu bar and then USB Configuration. Maintenance Main Security Power Boot Exit Advanced PCI Configuration Boot Configuration Peripheral Configuration IDE Configuration Diskette Configuration Event Log Configuration Video Configuration USB Configuration Chipset Configuration The submenu represented in Table 36 is for configuring the USB features. Table 36. USB Configuration Submenu Feature Options Description High Speed USB • Disabled Set to Disabled when a USB 2.0 driver is not available. • Enabled (default) Legacy USB Support • Disabled Enables/disables legacy USB support. • Enabled (default) 66 BIOS Setup Program 4.4.9 Chipset Configuration Submenu To access this menu, select Advanced on the menu bar and then Chipset Configuration. Maintenance Main Security Power Boot Exit Advanced PCI Configuration Boot Configuration Peripheral Configuration IDE Configuration Diskette Configuration Event Log Configuration Video Configuration USB Configuration Chipset Configuration The submenu represented in Table 37 is for configuring chipset options. Table 37. Chipset Configuration Submenu Feature Options Description ISA Enable Bit • Disabled (default) When set to Enable, a PCI-to-PCI bridge will only recognize I/O addresses that do not alias to an ISA • Enabled range (within the bridge’s assigned I/O range). PCI Latency Timer • 32 (default) Allows you to control the time (in PCI bus clock cycles) that an agent on the PC bus can hold the bus • 64 (default) when another agent has requested the bus. • 96 • 128 • 160 • 192 • 224 • 248 Extended Configuration • Default (default) Allows the setting of extended configuration options. • User Defined SDRAM Frequency • Auto (default) Allows override of detected memory frequency value. (For Desktop Boards NOTE: If SDRAM Frequency is changed, you must • 200 MHz with DDR SDRAM) reboot for the change to take effect. Also, after • 266 MHz changing this setting and rebooting, the System Memory Speed parameter in the Main menu will reflect the new value. SDRAM Frequency No options Displays the system memory speed (133 MHz). (For Desktop Boards with SDR SDRAM) continued 67 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset Table 37. Chipset Configuration Submenu (continued) Feature Options Description SDRAM Timing Control • Auto (default) Auto = Timings will be programmed according to the memory detected. • Manual – Aggressive Manual – Aggressive = Selects most aggressive • Manual – User Defined user-defined timings. Manual – User Defined = Allows manual override of detected SDRAM settings. SDRAM RAS# Active to • 7 Corresponds to tRAS. Precharge • 6 • 5 (default) SDRAM CAS# Latency • 2.0 (default) Selects the number of clock cycles required to address a column in memory. • 2.5 SDRAM RAS# to CAS# • 3 Selects the number of clock cycles between Delay addressing a row and addressing a column. • 2 (default) SDRAM RAS# • 3 Selects the length of time required before accessing Precharge a new row. • 2 (default) 4.5 Security Menu To access this menu, select Security from the menu bar at the top of the screen. Maintenance Main Advanced Security Power Boot Exit The menu represented by Table 38 is for setting passwords and security features. Table 38. Security Menu Feature Options Description Supervisor Password No options Reports if there is a supervisor password set. User Password No options Reports if there is a user password set. Set Supervisor Password Password can be up to seven Specifies the supervisor password. alphanumeric characters. User Access Level • No Access Sets BIOS Setup Utility access rights for user (Note 1) level. • View Only • Limited • Full (default) Set User Password Password can be up to seven Specifies the user password. alphanumeric characters. Clear User Password • Ok (default) Clears the user password. (Note 2) • Cancel Notes: 1. This feature appears only if a supervisor password has been set. 2. This feature appears only if a user password has been set. 68 BIOS Setup Program 4.6 Power Menu To access this menu, select Power from the menu bar at the top of the screen. Maintenance Main Advanced Security Boot Exit Power ACPI The menu represented in Table 39 is for setting the power management features. Table 39. Power Menu Feature Options Description ACPI Select to display submenu Sets the ACPI power management options. After Power Failure • Stay Off Specifies the mode of operation if an AC power loss occurs. • Last State (default) Stay Off keeps the power off until the power button is • Power On pressed. Last State restores the previous power state before power loss occurred. Power On restores power to the computer. Wake on PCI PME • Stay Off (default) Specifies how the computer responds to a PCI power management event. • Power On Wake on Modem Ring • Stay Off (default) Specifies how the computer responds to an incoming call on an installed modem when the power is off. • Power On 4.6.1 ACPI Submenu To access this menu, select Power from the menu bar at the top of the screen and then ACPI. Maintenance Main Advanced Security Power Boot Exit ACPI The submenu represented in Table 40 is for setting the ACPI power options. Table 40. ACPI Submenu Feature Options Description ACPI Suspend State • S1 State S1 is the safest mode but consumes more power. S3 consumes less power, but some drivers may not • S3 State (default) support this state. Wake on LAN from S5 • Stay Off (default) In ACPI soft-off mode only, determines how the system responds to a LAN wake-up event. • Power On 69 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 4.7 Boot Menu To access this menu, select Boot from the menu bar at the top of the screen. Maintenance Main Advanced Security Power Exit Boot Boot Device Priority Hard Disk Drives Removable Devices ATAPI CD-ROM Drives The menu represented in Table 41 is used to set the boot features and the boot sequence. Table 41. Boot Menu Feature Options Description Silent Boot • Disabled Disabled displays normal POST messages. • Enabled Enabled displays OEM graphic instead of POST (default) messages. Intel Rapid BIOS Boot • Disabled Enables the computer to boot without running certain POST tests. • Enabled (default) Scan User Flash Area • Disabled Enables the BIOS to scan the flash memory for user binary files that are executed at boot time. • Enabled (default) PXE Boot to LAN • Disabled Disables/enables PXE boot to LAN. (default) Note: When set to Enabled, you must reboot for the • Enabled Intel Boot Agent device to be available in the Boot Device menu. USB Boot • Disabled Disables/enables booting to USB boot devices. • Enabled (default) Boot Device Priority Select to display Specifies the boot sequence from the available types of submenu boot devices. Hard Disk Drives Select to display Specifies the boot sequence from the available hard disk submenu drives. Removable Devices Select to display Specifies the boot sequence from the available submenu removable devices. ATAPI CD-ROM Drives Select to display Specifies the boot sequence from the available ATAPI submenu CD-ROM drives. 70 BIOS Setup Program 4.7.1 Boot Device Priority Submenu To access this menu, select Boot on the menu bar and then Boot Devices Priority. Maintenance Main Advanced Security Power Exit Boot Boot Device Priority Hard Disk Drives Removable Devices ATAPI CD-ROM Drives The submenu represented in Table 42 is for setting boot devices priority. Table 42. Boot Device Priority Submenu Feature Options Description st 1 Boot Device • Removable Dev. Specifies the boot sequence according to the device type. nd The computer will attempt to boot from up to five devices 2 Boot Device • Hard Drive as specified here. Only one of the devices can be an IDE rd 3 Boot Device • ATAPI CD-ROM hard disk drive. To specify boot sequence: th ® 4 Boot Device • Intel Boot Agent 1. Select the boot device with <↑> or <↓>. (Note) 2. Press to set the selection as the intended • Disabled boot device. The default settings for the first through fourth boot devices are, respectively: • Removable Dev. • Hard Drive • ATAPI CD-ROM • Intel Boot Agent Note: The boot device identifier for Intel Boot Agent (IBA) may vary depending on the BIOS release. 71 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 4.7.2 Hard Disk Drives Submenu To access this menu, select Boot on the menu bar and then Hard Disk Drives. Maintenance Main Advanced Security Power Exit Boot Boot Device Priority Hard Disk Drives Removable Devices ATAPI CD-ROM Drives The submenu represented in Table 43 is for setting hard disk drive priority. Table 43. Hard Disk Drives Submenu Feature Options Description st 1 Hard Disk Drive Dependent on installed Specifies the boot sequence from the available hard (Note) hard drives disk drives. To specify boot sequence: 1. Select the boot device with <↑> or <↓>. 2. Press to set the selection as the intended boot device. Note: This boot device submenu appears only if at least one boot device of this type is installed. This list will display up to twelve hard disk drives, the maximum number of hard disk drives supported by the BIOS. 4.7.3 Removable Devices Submenu To access this menu, select Boot on the menu bar, then Removable Devices. Maintenance Main Advanced Security Power Boot Exit Boot Device Priority Hard Disk Drives Removable Devices ATAPI CD-ROM Drives The submenu represented in Table 44 is for setting removable device priority. Table 44. Removable Devices Submenu Feature Options Description st 1 Removable Device Dependent on installed Specifies the boot sequence from the available (Note) removable devices removable devices. To specify boot sequence: 1. Select the boot device with <↑> or <↓>. 2. Press to set the selection as the intended boot device. Note: This boot device submenu appears only if at least one boot device of this type is installed. This list will display up to four removable devices, the maximum number of removable devices supported by the BIOS. 72 BIOS Setup Program 4.7.4 ATAPI CD-ROM Drives Submenu To access this menu, select Boot on the menu bar and then ATAPI CD-ROM Drives. Maintenance Main Advanced Security Power Exit Boot Boot Device Priority Hard Disk Drives Removable Devices ATAPI CD-ROM Drives The submenu represented in Table 45 is for setting ATAPI CD-ROM drive priority. Table 45. ATAPI CD-ROM Drives Submenu Feature Options Description st 1 ATAPI CDROM Dependent on installed Specifies the boot sequence from the available (Note) ATAPI CD-ROM drives ATAPI CD-ROM drives. To specify boot sequence: 1. Select the boot device with <↑> or <↓>. 2. Press to set the selection as the intended boot device. Note: This boot device submenu appears only if at least one boot device of this type is installed. This list will display up to four ATAPI CD-ROM drives, the maximum number of ATAPI CD-ROM drives supported by the BIOS. 4.8 Exit Menu To access this menu, select Exit from the menu bar at the top of the screen. Maintenance Main Advanced Security Power Boot Exit The menu represented in Table 46 is for exiting the BIOS Setup program, saving changes, and loading and saving defaults. Table 46. Exit Menu Feature Description Exit Saving Changes Exits and saves the changes in CMOS SRAM. Exit Discarding Changes Exits without saving any changes made in the BIOS Setup program. Load Optimal Defaults Loads the optimal default values for all the Setup options. Load Custom Defaults Loads the custom defaults for Setup options. Save Custom Defaults Saves the current values as custom defaults. Normally, the BIOS reads the Setup values from flash memory. If this memory is corrupted, the BIOS reads the custom defaults. If no custom defaults are set, the BIOS reads the factory defaults. Discard Changes Discards changes without exiting Setup. The option values present when the computer was turned on are used. 73 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 74 5 Error Messages and Beep Codes 5.1 BIOS Error Messages Table 47 lists the error messages and provides a brief description of each. Table 47. BIOS Error Messages Error Message Explanation GA20 Error An error occurred with Gate A20 when switching to protected mode during the memory test. Pri Master HDD Error Could not read sector from corresponding drive. Pri Slave HDD Error Sec Master HDD Error Sec Slave HDD Error Pri Master Drive - ATAPI Incompatible Corresponding drive in not an ATAPI device. Run Setup to make Pri Slave Drive - ATAPI Incompatible sure device is selected correctly. Sec Master Drive - ATAPI Incompatible Sec Slave Drive - ATAPI Incompatible A: Drive Error No response from diskette drive. Cache Memory Bad An error occurred when testing L2 cache. Cache memory may be bad. CMOS Battery Low The battery may be losing power. Replace the battery soon. CMOS Display Type Wrong The display type is different than what has been stored in CMOS. Check Setup to make sure type is correct. CMOS Checksum Bad The CMOS checksum is incorrect. CMOS memory may have been corrupted. Run Setup to reset values. CMOS Settings Wrong CMOS values are not the same as the last boot. These values have either been corrupted or the battery has failed. CMOS Date/Time Not Set The time and/or date values stored in CMOS are invalid. Run Setup to set correct values. DMA Error Error during read/write test of DMA controller. FDC Failure Error occurred trying to access diskette drive controller. HDC Failure Error occurred trying to access hard disk controller. Checking NVRAM..... NVRAM is being checked to see if it is valid. Update OK! NVRAM was invalid and has been updated. Updated Failed NVRAM was invalid but was unable to be updated. Keyboard Error Error in the keyboard connection. Make sure keyboard is connected properly. KB/Interface Error Keyboard interface test failed. continued 75 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset Table 47. BIOS Error Messages (continued) Error Message Explanation Memory Size Decreased Memory size has decreased since the last boot. If no memory was removed then memory may be bad. Memory Size Increased Memory size has increased since the last boot. If no memory was added there may be a problem with the system. Memory Size Changed Memory size has changed since the last boot. If no memory was added or removed then memory may be bad. No Boot Device Available System did not find a device to boot. Off Board Parity Error A parity error occurred on an off-board card. This error is followed by an address. On Board Parity Error A parity error occurred in onboard memory. This error is followed by an address. Parity Error A parity error occurred in onboard memory at an unknown address. NVRAM/CMOS/PASSWORD cleared by NVRAM, CMOS, and passwords have been cleared. The system Jumper should be powered down and the jumper removed. Pressed CMOS is ignored and NVRAM is cleared. User must enter Setup. 76 Error Messages and Beep Codes 5.2 Port 80h POST Codes During the POST, the BIOS generates diagnostic progress codes (POST-codes) to I/O port 80h. If the POST fails, execution stops and the last POST code generated is left at port 80h. This code is useful for determining the point where an error occurred. Displaying the POST-codes requires a PCI bus add-in card, often called a POST card. The POST card can decode the port and display the contents on a medium such as a seven-segment display. NOTE ✏ The POST card must be installed in PCI bus connector 1. The tables below offer descriptions of the POST codes generated by the BIOS. Table 48 defines the uncompressed INIT code checkpoints, Table 49 describes the boot block recovery code checkpoints, and Table 50 lists the runtime code uncompressed in F000 shadow RAM. Some codes are repeated in the tables because that code applies to more than one operation. Table 48. Uncompressed INIT Code Checkpoints Code Description of POST Operation D0 NMI is Disabled. Onboard KBC, RTC enabled (if present). Init code Checksum verification starting. D1 Keyboard controller BAT test, CPU ID saved, and going to 4 GB flat mode. D3 Do necessary chipset initialization, start memory refresh, and do memory sizing. D4 Verify base memory. D5 Init code to be copied to segment 0 and control to be transferred to segment 0. D6 Control is in segment 0. To check recovery mode and verify main BIOS checksum. If either it is recovery mode or main BIOS checksum is bad, go to check point E0 for recovery else go to check point D7 for giving control to main BIOS. D7 Find Main BIOS module in ROM image. D8 Uncompress the main BIOS module. D9 Copy main BIOS image to F000 shadow RAM and give control to main BIOS in F000 shadow RAM. Table 49. Boot Block Recovery Code Checkpoints Code Description of POST Operation E0 Onboard Floppy Controller (if any) is initialized. Compressed recovery code is uncompressed in F000:0000 in Shadow RAM and give control to recovery code in F000 Shadow RAM. Initialize interrupt vector tables, initialize system timer, initialize DMA controller and interrupt controller. E8 Initialize extra (Intel Recovery) Module. E9 Initialize floppy drive. EA Try to boot from floppy. If reading of boot sector is successful, give control to boot sector code. EB Booting from floppy failed, look for ATAPI (LS-120, Zip) devices. EC Try to boot from ATAPI. If reading of boot sector is successful, give control to boot sector code. EF Booting from floppy and ATAPI device failed. Give two beeps. Retry the booting procedure again (go to check point E9). 77 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset Table 50. Runtime Code Uncompressed in F000 Shadow RAM Code Description of POST Operation 03 NMI is Disabled. To check soft reset/power-on. 05 BIOS stack set. Going to disable cache if any. 06 POST code to be uncompressed. 07 CPU init and CPU data area init to be done. 08 CMOS checksum calculation to be done next. 0B Any initialization before keyboard BAT to be done next. 0C KB controller I/B free. To issue the BAT command to keyboard controller. 0E Any initialization after KB controller BAT to be done next. 0F Keyboard command byte to be written. 10 Going to issue Pin-23,24 blocking/unblocking command. 11 Going to check pressing of , key during power-on. 12 To init CMOS if "Init CMOS in every boot" is set or key is pressed. Going to disable DMA and Interrupt controllers. 13 Video display is disabled and port-B is initialized. Chipset init about to begin. 14 8254 timer test about to start. 19 About to start memory refresh test. 1A Memory Refresh line is toggling. Going to check 15 µs ON/OFF time. 23 To read 8042 input port and disable Megakey GreenPC feature. Make BIOS code segment writeable. 24 To do any setup before Int vector init. 25 Interrupt vector initialization to begin. To clear password if necessary. 27 Any initialization before setting video mode to be done. 28 Going for monochrome mode and color mode setting. 2A Different buses init (system, static, output devices) to start if present. (See Section 5.3 for details of different buses.) 2B To give control for any setup required before optional video ROM check. 2C To look for optional video ROM and give control. 2D To give control to do any processing after video ROM returns control. 2E If EGA/VGA not found then do display memory R/W test. 2F EGA/VGA not found. Display memory R/W test about to begin. 30 Display memory R/W test passed. About to look for the retrace checking. 31 Display memory R/W test or retrace checking failed. To do alternate Display memory R/W test. 32 Alternate Display memory R/W test passed. To look for the alternate display retrace checking. 34 Video display checking over. Display mode to be set next. 37 Display mode set. Going to display the power-on message. 38 Different buses init (input, IPL, general devices) to start if present. (See Section 5.3 for details of different buses.) 39 Display different buses initialization error messages. (See Section 5.3 for details of different buses.) 3A New cursor position read and saved. To display the Hit message. continued 78 Error Messages and Beep Codes Table 50. Runtime Code Uncompressed in F000 Shadow RAM (continued) Code Description of POST Operation 40 To prepare the descriptor tables. 42 To enter in virtual mode for memory test. 43 To enable interrupts for diagnostics mode. 44 To initialize data to check memory wrap around at 0:0. 45 Data initialized. Going to check for memory wrap around at 0:0 and finding the total system memory size. 46 Memory wrap around test done. Memory size calculation over. About to go for writing patterns to test memory. 47 Pattern to be tested written in extended memory. Going to write patterns in base 640k memory. 48 Patterns written in base memory. Going to find out amount of memory below 1M memory. 49 Amount of memory below 1M found and verified. Going to find out amount of memory above 1M memory. 4B Amount of memory above 1M found and verified. Check for soft reset and going to clear memory below 1M for soft reset. (If power on, go to check point # 4Eh). 4C Memory below 1M cleared. (SOFT RESET) Going to clear memory above 1M. 4D Memory above 1M cleared. (SOFT RESET) Going to save the memory size. (Go to check point # 52h). 4E Memory test started. (NOT SOFT RESET) About to display the first 64k memory size. 4F Memory size display started. This will be updated during memory test. Going for sequential and random memory test. 50 Memory testing/initialization below 1M complete. Going to adjust displayed memory size for relocation/shadow. 51 Memory size display adjusted due to relocation/ shadow. Memory test above 1M to follow. 52 Memory testing/initialization above 1M complete. Going to save memory size information. 53 Memory size information is saved. CPU registers are saved. Going to enter in real mode. 54 Shutdown successful, CPU in real mode. Going to disable gate A20 line and disable parity/NMI. 57 A20 address line, parity/NMI disable successful. Going to adjust memory size depending on relocation/shadow. 58 Memory size adjusted for relocation/shadow. Going to clear Hit message. 59 Hit message cleared. message displayed. About to start DMA and interrupt controller test. 60 DMA page register test passed. To do DMA#1 base register test. 62 DMA#1 base register test passed. To do DMA#2 base register test. 65 DMA#2 base register test passed. To program DMA unit 1 and 2. 66 DMA unit 1 and 2 programming over. To initialize 8259 interrupt controller. 7F Extended NMI sources enabling is in progress. 80 Keyboard test started. Clearing output buffer, checking for stuck key, to issue keyboard reset command. 81 Keyboard reset error/stuck key found. To issue keyboard controller interface test command. 82 Keyboard controller interface test over. To write command byte and init circular buffer. 83 Command byte written, global data init done. To check for lock-key. continued 79 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset Table 50. Runtime Code Uncompressed in F000 Shadow RAM (continued) Code Description of POST Operation 84 Lock-key checking over. To check for memory size mismatch with CMOS. 85 Memory size check done. To display soft error and check for password or bypass setup. 86 Password checked. About to do programming before setup. 87 Programming before setup complete. To uncompress SETUP code and execute CMOS setup. 88 Returned from CMOS setup program and screen is cleared. About to do programming after setup. 89 Programming after setup complete. Going to display power-on screen message. 8B First screen message displayed. message displayed. PS/2 Mouse check and extended BIOS data area allocation to be done. 8C Setup options programming after CMOS setup about to start. 8D Going for hard disk controller reset. 8F Hard disk controller reset done. Floppy setup to be done next. 91 Floppy setup complete. Hard disk setup to be done next. 95 Init of different buses optional ROMs from C800 to start. (See Section 5.3 for details of different buses.) 96 Going to do any init before C800 optional ROM control. 97 Any init before C800 optional ROM control is over. Optional ROM check and control will be done next. 98 Optional ROM control is done. About to give control to do any required processing after optional ROM returns control and enable external cache. 99 Any initialization required after optional ROM test over. Going to setup timer data area and printer base address. 9A Return after setting timer and printer base address. Going to set the RS-232 base address. 9B Returned after RS-232 base address. Going to do any initialization before Coprocessor test. 9C Required initialization before Coprocessor is over. Going to initialize the Coprocessor next. 9D Coprocessor initialized. Going to do any initialization after Coprocessor test. 9E Initialization after Coprocessor test is complete. Going to check extended keyboard, keyboard ID and num-lock. A2 Going to display any soft errors. A3 Soft error display complete. Going to set keyboard typematic rate. A4 Keyboard typematic rate set. To program memory wait states. A5 Going to enable parity/NMI. A7 NMI and parity enabled. Going to do any initialization required before giving control to optional ROM at E000. A8 Initialization before E000 ROM control over. E000 ROM to get control next. A9 Returned from E000 ROM control. Going to do any initialization required after E000 optional ROM control. AA Initialization after E000 optional ROM control is over. Going to display the system configuration. AB Put INT13 module runtime image to shadow. AC Generate MP for multiprocessor support (if present). AD Put CGA INT10 module (if present) in Shadow. continued 80 Error Messages and Beep Codes Table 50. Runtime Code Uncompressed in F000 Shadow RAM (continued) Code Description of POST Operation AE Uncompress SMBIOS module and init SMBIOS code and form the runtime SMBIOS image in shadow. B1 Going to copy any code to specific area. 00 Copying of code to specific area done. Going to give control to INT-19 boot loader. 5.3 Bus Initialization Checkpoints The system BIOS gives control to the different buses at several checkpoints to do various tasks. Table 51 describes the bus initialization checkpoints. Table 51. Bus Initialization Checkpoints Checkpoint Description 2A Different buses init (system, static, and output devices) to start if present. 38 Different buses init (input, IPL, and general devices) to start if present. 39 Display different buses initialization error messages. 95 Init of different buses optional ROMs from C800 to start. While control is inside the different bus routines, additional checkpoints are output to port 80h as WORD to identify the routines under execution. In these WORD checkpoints, the low byte of the checkpoint is the system BIOS checkpoint from which the control is passed to the different bus routines. The high byte of the checkpoint is the indication of which routine is being executed in the different buses. Table 52 describes the upper nibble of the high byte and indicates the function that is being executed. Table 52. Upper Nibble High Byte Functions Value Description 0 func#0, disable all devices on the bus concerned. 1 func#1, static devices init on the bus concerned. 2 func#2, output device init on the bus concerned. 3 func#3, input device init on the bus concerned. 4 func#4, IPL device init on the bus concerned. 5 func#5, general device init on the bus concerned. 6 func#6, error reporting for the bus concerned. 7 func#7, add-on ROM init for all buses. 81 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset Table 53 describes the lower nibble of the high byte and indicates the bus on which the routines are being executed. Table 53. Lower Nibble High Byte Functions Value Description 0 Generic DIM (Device Initialization Manager) 1 On-board System devices 2 ISA devices 3 EISA devices 4 ISA PnP devices 5 PCI devices 5.4 Speaker A 47 Ω inductive speaker is mounted on the desktop board. The speaker provides audible error code (beep code) information during POST. 5.5 BIOS Beep Codes Whenever a recoverable error occurs during POST, the BIOS displays an error message describing the problem (see Table 54). The BIOS also issues a beep code (one long tone followed by two short tones) during POST if the video configuration fails (a faulty video card or no card installed) or if an external ROM module does not properly checksum to zero. An external ROM module (for example, a video BIOS) can also issue audible errors, usually consisting of one long tone followed by a series of short tones. For more information on the beep codes issued, check the documentation for that external device. There are several POST routines that issue a POST terminal error and shut down the system if they fail. Before shutting down the system, the terminal-error handler issues a beep code signifying the test point error, writes the error to I/O port 80h, attempts to initialize the video and writes the error in the upper left corner of the screen (using both monochrome and color adapters). 82 Error Messages and Beep Codes If POST completes normally, the BIOS issues one short beep before passing control to the operating system. Table 54. Beep Codes Beep Description 1 Refresh failure 2 Parity cannot be reset 3 First 64 KB memory failure 4 Timer not operational 5 Not used 6 8042 GateA20 cannot be toggled 7 Exception interrupt error 8 Display memory R/W error 9 Not used 10 CMOS Shutdown register test error 11 Invalid BIOS (e.g. POST module not found, etc.) 83 Technical Product Specification for Intel Desktop Boards using the Intel 845GL Chipset 84