® Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification May 2005 Order Number: D14073-001US ® The Intel Desktop Board D945PSN may contain design defects or errors known as errata that may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are documented in the Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Specification Update. Revision History Revision Revision History Date ® -001 First release of the Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product May 2005 Specification. This product specification applies to only the standard Intel Desktop Board D945PSN with BIOS identifier SN94510J.86A. Changes to this specification will be published in the Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Specification Update before being incorporated into a revision of this document. ® INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. 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Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications before placing your product order. Copies of documents which have an ordering number and are referenced in this document, or other Intel literature, may be obtained from: Intel Corporation P.O. Box 5937 Denver, CO 80217-9808 or call in North America 1-800-548-4725, Europe 44-0-1793-431-155, France 44-0-1793-421-777, Germany 44-0-1793-421-333, other Countries 708-296-9333. Intel, Pentium, and Celeron are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2005, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Preface This Technical Product Specification (TPS) specifies the board layout, components, connectors, ® power and environmental requirements, and the BIOS for the Intel Desktop Board D945PSN. It describes the standard product and available manufacturing options. Intended Audience The TPS is intended to provide detailed, technical information about the Desktop Board D945PSN and its components to the vendors, system integrators, and other engineers and technicians who need this level of information. It is specifically not intended for general audiences. What This Document Contains Chapter Description 1 A description of the hardware used on the Desktop Board D945PSN 2 A map of the resources of the Desktop Board 3 The features supported by the BIOS Setup program 4 A description of the BIOS error messages, beep codes, and POST codes Typographical Conventions This section contains information about the conventions used in this specification. Not all of these symbols and abbreviations appear in all specifications of this type. Notes, Cautions, and Warnings NOTE � Notes call attention to important information. INTEGRATOR’S NOTES # Integrator’s notes are used to call attention to information that may be useful to system integrators. CAUTION Cautions are included to help you avoid damaging hardware or losing data. WARNING Warnings indicate conditions, which if not observed, can cause personal injury. iii Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification Other Common Notation # Used after a signal name to identify an active-low signal (such as USBP0#) (NxnX) When used in the description of a component, N indicates component type, xn are the relative coordinates of its location on the Desktop Board D945PSN, and X is the instance of the particular part at that general location. For example, J5J1 is a connector, located at 5J. It is the first connector in the 5J area. GB Gigabyte (1,073,741,824 bytes) GB/sec Gigabytes per second Gbits/sec Gigabits per second KB Kilobyte (1024 bytes) Kbit Kilobit (1024 bits) kbits/sec 1000 bits per second MB Megabyte (1,048,576 bytes) MB/sec Megabytes per second Mbit Megabit (1,048,576 bits) Mbit/sec Megabits per second xxh An address or data value ending with a lowercase h indicates a hexadecimal value. x.x V Volts. Voltages are DC unless otherwise specified. * This symbol is used to indicate third-party brands and names that are the property of their respective owners. iv Contents 1 Product Description 1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................10 1.1.1 Feature Summary..........................................................................................10 1.1.2 Manufacturing Options ..................................................................................11 1.1.3 Board Layout .................................................................................................12 1.1.4 Block Diagram ...............................................................................................14 1.2 Online Support .............................................................................................................15 1.3 Processor.....................................................................................................................15 1.4 System Memory ...........................................................................................................16 1.4.1 Memory Configurations .................................................................................17 ® 1.5 Intel 945P Chipset......................................................................................................21 1.5.1 USB ...............................................................................................................21 1.5.2 IDE Support...................................................................................................22 1.5.3 Real-Time Clock, CMOS SRAM, and Battery................................................24 1.6 PCI Express Connectors..............................................................................................24 1.7 IEEE-1394a Connectors (Optional)..............................................................................24 1.8 Legacy I/O Controller ...................................................................................................25 1.8.1 Serial Port......................................................................................................25 1.8.2 Parallel Port...................................................................................................25 1.8.3 Diskette Drive Controller................................................................................25 1.8.4 Keyboard and Mouse Interface .....................................................................25 1.9 Audio Subsystem .........................................................................................................26 1.9.1 Audio Subsystem Software ...........................................................................26 1.9.2 Audio Connectors..........................................................................................26 1.9.3 6-Channel (5.1) Audio Subsystem.................................................................27 1.10 LAN Subsystem ...........................................................................................................28 1.10.1 LAN Subsystem Software..............................................................................28 1.10.2 10/100 Mbits/sec LAN Subsystem.................................................................29 1.10.3 Gigabit LAN Subsystem ................................................................................30 1.11 Hardware Management Subsystem.............................................................................31 1.11.1 Hardware Monitoring and Fan Control ASIC .................................................31 1.11.2 Chassis Intrusion and Detection....................................................................31 1.11.3 Fan Monitoring...............................................................................................31 1.11.4 Thermal Monitoring........................................................................................32 1.12 Power Management .....................................................................................................33 1.12.1 ACPI ..............................................................................................................33 1.12.2 Hardware Support .........................................................................................35 1.13 Trusted Platform Module (Optional) .............................................................................38 2 Technical Reference 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................39 2.2 Memory Resources ......................................................................................................39 2.2.1 Addressable Memory.....................................................................................39 2.2.2 Memory Map..................................................................................................41 2.3 DMA Channels.............................................................................................................41 v Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 2.4 Fixed I/O Map...............................................................................................................42 2.5 PCI Configuration Space Map......................................................................................43 2.6 Interrupts......................................................................................................................44 2.7 PCI Conventional Interrupt Routing Map .....................................................................45 2.8 Connectors...................................................................................................................46 2.8.1 Back Panel Connectors.................................................................................47 2.8.2 Component-side Connectors.........................................................................48 2.9 Jumper Block ...............................................................................................................57 2.10 Mechanical Considerations..........................................................................................58 2.10.1 Form Factor...................................................................................................58 2.10.2 I/O Shield.......................................................................................................59 2.11 Electrical Considerations..............................................................................................60 2.11.1 DC Loading....................................................................................................60 2.11.2 Add-in Board Considerations.........................................................................60 2.11.3 Fan Connector Current Capability.................................................................61 2.11.4 Power Supply Considerations .......................................................................61 2.12 Thermal Considerations...............................................................................................62 2.13 Reliability......................................................................................................................64 2.14 Environmental ..............................................................................................................65 2.15 Regulatory Compliance................................................................................................66 2.15.1 Safety Regulations ........................................................................................66 2.15.2 EMC Regulations...........................................................................................66 2.15.3 European Union Declaration of Conformity Statement..................................67 2.15.4 Recycling Considerations..............................................................................68 2.15.5 Product Certification Markings (Board Level) ................................................69 3 Overview of BIOS Features 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................71 3.2 BIOS Flash Memory Organization ...............................................................................72 3.3 Resource Configuration ...............................................................................................72 3.3.1 PCI Autoconfiguration....................................................................................72 3.3.2 PCI IDE Support ............................................................................................72 3.4 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) ........................................................................73 3.5 Legacy USB Support....................................................................................................73 3.6 BIOS Updates ..............................................................................................................74 3.6.1 Language Support.........................................................................................74 3.6.2 Custom Splash Screen..................................................................................74 3.7 Boot Options ................................................................................................................75 3.7.1 CD-ROM Boot ...............................................................................................75 3.7.2 Network Boot.................................................................................................75 3.7.3 Booting Without Attached Devices ................................................................75 3.7.4 Changing the Default Boot Device During POST ..........................................75 3.8 Adjusting Boot Speed...................................................................................................76 3.8.1 Peripheral Selection and Configuration.........................................................76 3.8.2 BIOS Boot Optimizations...............................................................................76 3.9 BIOS Security Features ...............................................................................................77 vi Contents 4 Error Messages and Beep Codes 4.1 Speaker .......................................................................................................................79 4.2 BIOS Beep Codes........................................................................................................79 4.3 BIOS Error Messages ..................................................................................................79 4.4 Port 80h POST Codes .................................................................................................80 Figures 1. Board Components......................................................................................................12 2. Block Diagram..............................................................................................................14 3. Memory Channel and DIMM Configuration..................................................................17 4. Dual Channel (Interleaved) Mode Configuration with Two DIMMs ..............................18 5. Dual Channel (Interleaved) Mode Configuration with Three DIMMs............................18 6. Dual Channel (Interleaved) Mode Configuration with Four DIMMs..............................19 7. Single Channel (Asymmetric) Mode Configuration with One DIMM.............................20 8. Single Channel (Asymmetric) Mode Configuration with Three DIMMs ........................20 9. Front/Back Panel Audio Connector Options for 6-Channel (5.1) Audio Subsystem ....27 10. 6-Channel (5.1) Audio Subsystem Block Diagram.......................................................27 11. LAN Connector LED Locations ....................................................................................29 12. LAN Connector LED Locations ....................................................................................30 13. Thermal Sensors and Fan Connectors ........................................................................32 14. Location of the Standby Power Indicator LED .............................................................38 15. Detailed System Memory Address Map.......................................................................40 16. Back Panel Connectors................................................................................................47 17. Component-side Connectors.......................................................................................48 18. Connection Diagram for Front Panel Connector ..........................................................54 19. Connection Diagram for Front Panel USB Connectors................................................56 20. Connection Diagram for IEEE 1394a Connectors........................................................56 21. Location of the Jumper Block.......................................................................................57 22. Board Dimensions........................................................................................................58 23. I/O Shield Dimensions..................................................................................................59 24. Processor Heatsink for Omni-directional Airflow..........................................................62 25. Localized High Temperature Zones.............................................................................63 Tables 1. Feature Summary ........................................................................................................10 2. Manufacturing Options.................................................................................................11 3. Board Components Shown in Figure 1 ........................................................................13 4. Supported Memory Configurations ..............................................................................16 5. LAN Connector LED States .........................................................................................29 6. LAN Connector LED States .........................................................................................30 7. Effects of Pressing the Power Switch ..........................................................................33 8. Power States and Targeted System Power .................................................................34 9. Wake-up Devices and Events......................................................................................35 10. System Memory Map ...................................................................................................41 11. DMA Channels.............................................................................................................41 12. I/O Map ........................................................................................................................42 13. PCI Configuration Space Map......................................................................................43 vii Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 14. Interrupts......................................................................................................................44 15. PCI Interrupt Routing Map ...........................................................................................46 16. Back Panel Connectors Shown in Figure 16................................................................47 17. Component-side Connectors Shown in Figure 17 .......................................................49 18. Front Panel Audio Connector.......................................................................................50 19. Chassis Intrusion Connector........................................................................................50 20. SCSI Hard Drive Activity LED Connector (Optional)....................................................50 21. Serial ATA Connectors.................................................................................................50 22. Processor Fan Connector ............................................................................................51 23. Front and Rear Chassis Fan Connectors.....................................................................51 24. Auxiliary Fan Connector (optional)...............................................................................51 25. Main Power Connector.................................................................................................52 26. ATX12V Power Connector ...........................................................................................52 27. Auxiliary Front Panel Power/Sleep LED Connector .....................................................53 28. Front Panel Connector.................................................................................................54 29. States for a One-Color Power LED ..............................................................................55 30. States for a Two-Color Power LED ..............................................................................55 31. BIOS Setup Configuration Jumper Settings.................................................................57 32. DC Loading Characteristics .........................................................................................60 33. Fan Connector Current Capability................................................................................61 34. Thermal Considerations for Components ....................................................................64 35. Environmental Specifications.......................................................................................65 36. Safety Regulations.......................................................................................................66 37. EMC Regulations .........................................................................................................66 38. Product Certification Markings .....................................................................................69 39. BIOS Setup Program Menu Bar...................................................................................72 40. BIOS Setup Program Function Keys............................................................................72 41. Boot Device Menu Options ..........................................................................................75 42. Supervisor and User Password Functions...................................................................77 43. Beep Codes .................................................................................................................79 44. BIOS Error Messages ..................................................................................................79 45. Port 80h POST Code Ranges......................................................................................80 46. Port 80h POST Codes .................................................................................................81 47. Typical Port 80h POST Sequence ...............................................................................84 viii 1 Product Description What This Chapter Contains 1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................10 1.2 Online Support .............................................................................................................15 1.3 Processor.....................................................................................................................15 1.4 System Memory ...........................................................................................................16 ® 1.5 Intel 945P Chipset......................................................................................................21 1.6 PCI Express Connectors..............................................................................................24 1.7 IEEE-1394a Connectors (Optional)..............................................................................24 1.8 Legacy I/O Controller ...................................................................................................25 1.9 Audio Subsystem .........................................................................................................26 1.10 LAN Subsystem ...........................................................................................................28 1.11 Hardware Management Subsystem.............................................................................31 1.12 Power Management .....................................................................................................33 1.13 Trusted Platform Module (Optional) .............................................................................38 9 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 1.1 Overview 1.1.1 Feature Summary Table 1 summarizes the major features of the board. Table 1. Feature Summary Form Factor ATX (12.00 inches by 9.60 inches [304.80 millimeters by 243.84 millimeters]) ® ® Processor Support for an Intel Pentium 4 processor in an LGA775 socket with a 1066, 800, or 533 MHz system bus Memory • Four 240-pin DDR2 SDRAM Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM) sockets • Support for DDR2 667, DDR2 533, or DDR2 400 MHz DIMMs • Support for up to 4 GB of system memory ® Chipset Intel 945P Chipset, consisting of: ® • Intel 82945P Memory Controller Hub (MCH) ® • Intel 82801G I/O Controller Hub (ICH7) Video One PCI Express* x16 bus add-in card connector Audio 6-channel (5.1) audio subsystem with three analog audio outputs using the Sigmatel 9220 audio codec Legacy I/O Control Legacy I/O controller for diskette drive, serial, parallel, and PS/2* ports USB Support for USB 2.0 devices Peripheral • Eight USB ports Interfaces • One serial port • One parallel port • Four Serial ATA interfaces • One Parallel ATA IDE interface with UDMA 33, ATA-66/100 support • One diskette drive interface • PS/2 keyboard and mouse ports LAN Support Refer to Table 2 on page 11 for a description of LAN subsystem options. ® BIOS • Intel BIOS (resident in the SPI Flash device) • Support for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI), Plug and Play, and SMBIOS Expansion • Four PCI Conventional* bus connectors Capabilities • Two PCI Express x1 bus add-in card connectors • One PCI Express x16 bus add-in card connector Instantly Available • Support for PCI Local Bus Specification Revision 2.3 PC Technology • Support for PCI Express Revision 1.0a • Suspend to RAM support • Wake on PCI, RS-232, front panel, PS/2 devices, and USB ports Hardware Monitor • Hardware monitoring and fan control ASIC Subsystem • Voltage sense to detect out of range power supply voltages • Thermal sense to detect out of range thermal values • Three fan connectors • Three fan sense inputs used to monitor fan activity • Fan speed control 10 Product Description 1.1.2 Manufacturing Options Table 2 describes the manufacturing options. Not every manufacturing option is available in all marketing channels. Please contact your Intel representative to determine which manufacturing options are available to you. Table 2. Manufacturing Options Auxiliary fan Additional fan connector for use in larger chassis connector IEEE-1394a IEEE-1394a controller and three IEEE-1394a connectors (one back panel connector, two front-panel connectors) Interface LAN subsystem The board provides one of the following: ® • Gigabit (10/100/1000 Mbits/sec) LAN subsystem using the Intel 82573V/82574V Gigabit Ethernet Controller ® • 10/100 Mbits/sec LAN subsystem using the Intel 82562GX Platform LAN Connect (PLC) device ® SATA RAID Intel 82801GR I/O Controller Hub (ICH7-R) for RAID support (levels 0,1, 0+1, and 5) on the SATA interface Allows add-in hard drive controllers (SCSI or other) to use the same LED as the SCSI Hard Drive onboard IDE controller. Activity LED Connector Trusted Platform A component that enhances platform security Module (TPM), revision 1.2 For information about Refer to Available configurations for the board Section 1.2, page 15 11 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 1.1.3 Board Layout Figure 1 shows the location of the major components. B D G A C E F H I J HH K L GG M FF EE N DD CC O BB P Q AA Y W V U T S R Z X OM17952 Figure 1. Board Components Table 3 lists the components identified in Figure 1. 12 Product Description Table 3. Board Components Shown in Figure 1 Item/callout from Figure 1 Description A Auxiliary fan connector (optional) B Speaker C PCI Express x1 bus add-in card connectors [2] D Audio codec E Front panel audio connector F Ethernet device G PCI Conventional bus add-in card connectors [2] H PCI Express x16 bus add-in card connector I Back panel connectors J +12V power connector (ATX12V) K Rear chassis fan connector L LGA775 processor socket M Intel 82945P MCH N Processor fan connector O DIMM Channel A sockets [2] P DIMM Channel B sockets [2] Q SCSI LED connector (optional) R Legacy I/O controller S Power connector T Diskette drive connector U Parallel ATE IDE connector V Battery W Front chassis fan connector X BIOS Setup configuration jumper block Y Serial ATA connectors [4] Z Auxiliary front panel power LED connector AA Front panel connector BB Front panel USB connectors [2] CC Chassis intrusion connector DD Intel 82801G I/O Controller Hub (ICH7) EE SPI flash device FF IEEE-1394a controller (optional) GG Front panel IEEE-1394a connectors (optional) [2] HH PCI Conventional bus add-in card connectors [2] 13 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 1.1.4 Block Diagram Figure 2 is a block diagram of the major functional areas. Gigabit Ethernet LAN PCI Express x1 Interface Controller (Optional) Connector PCI Express x1 Slot 1 Back Panel/Front Panel USB USB Ports PCI Express x1 Slot 2 Serial Port Legacy Parallel Port Parallel ATA Parallel ATA I/O PS/2 Mouse IDE Connector IDE Interface Controller PS/2 Keyboard LGA775 System Bus Diskette Drive LPC (1066/800/533 MHz) Processor Socket Connector Bus Intel 945P Chipset PCI Express x16 Interface Intel 82945P Intel 82801G Serial Peripheral I/O Controller Hub Interface (SPI) Memory Controller PCI Express Hub (MCH) (ICH7) Flash Device x16 Connector TPM Component LPC Dual-Channel (Optional) Bus Memory Bus Channel A SMBus DIMMs (2) 10/100 LAN LAN PLC Channel B Connector (Optional) DIMMs (2) IEEE-1394a PCI IEEE-1394a Connectors Controller Serial ATA Serial ATA IDE Bus (optional) (optional) IDE Interface Connectors (4) Line Out PCI Bus Mic In Audio PCI Slot 1 Line In/Retasking Jack Codec Line Out/Retasking Jack PCI Slot 2 SMBus Mic In/Retasking Jack PCI Slot 3 Hardware Monitoring PCI Slot 4 and Fan Control ASIC = connector or socket OM17953 Figure 2. Block Diagram 14 DMI Interconnect High Definition Audio Link LAN Connect Interface Product Description 1.2 Online Support To find information about… Visit this World Wide Web site: ® Intel Desktop Board D945PSN under http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd “Desktop Board Products” or “Desktop Board Support” http://support.intel.com/support/motherboards/desktop Available configurations for the Desktop http://developer.intel.com/design/motherbd/sn/sn_available.htm Board D945PSN Processor data sheets http://www.intel.com/design/litcentr ICH7 addressing http://developer.intel.com/products/chipsets Custom splash screens http://intel.com/design/motherbd/gen_indx.htm Audio software and utilities http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd LAN software and drivers http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd Supported video modes http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd/sn/sn_documentation.htm 1.3 Processor The board is designed to support Intel Pentium 4 processors in an LGA775 processor socket with a 1066, 800, or 533 MHz system bus. See the Intel web site listed below for the most up-to-date list of supported processors. For information about… Refer to: Supported processors http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd/sn/sn_proc.htm CAUTION Use only the processors listed on web site above. Use of unsupported processors can damage the board, the processor, and the power supply. INTEGRATOR’S NOTE # Use only ATX12V-compliant power supplies. For information about Refer to Power supply connectors Section 2.8.2.2, page 52 15 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 1.4 System Memory The board has four DIMM sockets and support the following memory features: • 1.8 V (only) DDR2 SDRAM DIMMs with gold-plated contacts • Unbuffered, single-sided or double-sided DIMMs with the following restriction: Double-sided DIMMS with x16 organization are not supported. • 4 GB maximum total system memory. Refer to Section 2.2.1 on page 39 for information on the total amount of addressable memory. • Minimum total system memory: 128 MB • Non-ECC DIMMs • Serial Presence Detect • DDR2 667, DDR2 533, or DDR2 400 MHz SDRAM DIMMs � NOTES • Remove the PCI Express x16 video card before installing or upgrading memory to avoid interference with the memory retention mechanism. • To be fully compliant with all applicable DDR SDRAM memory specifications, the board should be populated with DIMMs that support the Serial Presence Detect (SPD) data structure. This allows the BIOS to read the SPD data and program the chipset to accurately configure memory settings for optimum performance. If non-SPD memory is installed, the BIOS will attempt to correctly configure the memory settings, but performance and reliability may be impacted or the DIMMs may not function under the determined frequency. Table 4 lists the supported DIMM configurations. Table 4. Supported Memory Configurations DIMM SDRAM SDRAM Organization Number of SDRAM Capacity Configuration Density Front-side/Back-side Devices 128 MB SS 256 Mbit 16 M x 16/empty 4 256 MB SS 256 Mbit 32 M x 8/empty 8 256 MB SS 512 Mbit 32 M x 16/empty 4 512 MB DS 256 Mbit 32 M x 8/32 M x 8 16 512 MB SS 512 Mbit 64 M x 8/empty 8 512 MB SS 1 Gbit 64 M x 16/empty 4 1024 MB DS 512 Mbit 64 M x 8/64 M x 8 16 1024 MB SS 1 Gbit 128 M x 8/empty 8 2048 MB DS 1 Gbit 128 M x 8/128 M x 8 16 Note: In the second column, “DS” refers to double-sided memory modules (containing two rows of SDRAM) and “SS” refers to single-sided memory modules (containing one row of SDRAM). INTEGRATOR’S NOTE # It is possible to install four 2048 MB (2 GB) modules for a total of 8 GB of system memory, however, only 4 GB of address space is available. Refer to Section 2.2.1, on page 39 for additional information on available memory. 16 Product Description 1.4.1 Memory Configurations The Intel 82945P MCH supports two types of memory organization: • Dual channel (Interleaved) mode. This mode offers the highest throughput for real world applications. Dual channel mode is enabled when the installed memory capacities of both DIMM channels are equal. Technology and device width can vary from one channel to the other but the installed memory capacity for each channel must be equal. If different speed DIMMs are used between channels, the slowest memory timing will be used. • Single channel (Asymmetric) mode. This mode is equivalent to single channel bandwidth operation for real world applications. This mode is used when only a single DIMM is installed or the memory capacities are unequal. Technology and device width can vary from one channel to the other. If different speed DIMMs are used between channels, the slowest memory timing will be used. Figure 3 illustrates the memory channel and DIMM configuration. NOTE � The DIMM0 sockets of both channels are blue. The DIMM1 sockets of both channels are black. Channel A, DIMM 0 Channel A, DIMM 1 Channel B, DIMM 0 Channel B, DIMM 1 OM17823 Figure 3. Memory Channel and DIMM Configuration 17 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 1.4.1.1 Dual Channel (Interleaved) Mode Configurations Figure 4 shows a dual channel configuration using two DIMMs. In this example, the DIMM0 (blue) sockets of both channels are populated with identical DIMMs. 1 GB Channel A, DIMM 0 Channel A, DIMM 1 1 GB Channel B, DIMM 0 Channel B, DIMM 1 OM17123 Figure 4. Dual Channel (Interleaved) Mode Configuration with Two DIMMs Figure 5 shows a dual channel configuration using three DIMMs. In this example, the combined capacity of the two DIMMs in Channel A equal the capacity of the single DIMM in the DIMM0 (blue) socket of Channel B. 256 MB Channel A, DIMM 0 256 MB Channel A, DIMM 1 512 MB Channel B, DIMM 0 Channel B, DIMM 1 OM17122 Figure 5. Dual Channel (Interleaved) Mode Configuration with Three DIMMs 18 Product Description Figure 6 shows a dual channel configuration using four DIMMs. In this example, the combined capacity of the two DIMMs in Channel A equal the combined capacity of the two DIMMs in Channel B. Also, the DIMMs are matched between DIMM0 and DIMM1 of both channels. 256 MB Channel A, DIMM 0 512 MB Channel A, DIMM 1 256 MB Channel B, DIMM 0 512 MB Channel B, DIMM 1 OM17124 Figure 6. Dual Channel (Interleaved) Mode Configuration with Four DIMMs 19 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 1.4.1.2 Single Channel (Asymmetric) Mode Configurations NOTE � Dual channel (Interleaved) mode configurations provide the highest memory throughput. Figure 7 shows a single channel configuration using one DIMM. In this example, only the DIMM0 (blue) socket of Channel A is populated. Channel B is not populated. 256 MB Channel A, DIMM 0 Channel A, DIMM 1 Channel B, DIMM 0 Channel B, DIMM 1 OM17125 Figure 7. Single Channel (Asymmetric) Mode Configuration with One DIMM Figure 8 shows a single channel configuration using three DIMMs. In this example, the combined capacity of the two DIMMs in Channel A does not equal the capacity of the single DIMM in the DIMM0 (blue) socket of Channel B. 256 MB Channel A, DIMM 0 512 MB Channel A, DIMM 1 512 MB Channel B, DIMM 0 Channel B, DIMM 1 OM17126 Figure 8. Single Channel (Asymmetric) Mode Configuration with Three DIMMs 20 Product Description ® 1.5 Intel 945P Chipset The Intel 945P chipset consists of the following devices: • Intel 82945P Memory Controller Hub (MCH) with Direct Media Interface (DMI) interconnect • Intel 82801G I/O Controller Hub (ICH7) with DMI interconnect The MCH component provides interfaces to the CPU, memory, PCI Express, and the DMI interconnect. The ICH7 is a centralized controller for the board’s I/O paths. For information about Refer to The Intel 945P chipset http://developer.intel.com/ Resources used by the chipset Chapter 2 1.5.1 USB The board supports up to eight USB 2.0 ports, supports UHCI and EHCI, and uses UHCI- and EHCI-compatible drivers. The ICH7 provides the USB controller for all ports. The port arrangement is as follows: • Four ports are implemented with dual stacked back panel connectors adjacent to the audio connectors • Four ports are routed to two separate front panel USB connectors NOTE � Computer systems that have an unshielded cable attached to a USB port may not meet FCC Class B requirements, even if no device is attached to the cable. Use shielded cable that meets the requirements for full-speed devices. For information about Refer to The location of the USB connectors on the back panel Figure 16, page 47 The location of the front panel USB connectors Figure 17, page 48 21 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 1.5.2 IDE Support The board provides five IDE interface connectors: • One parallel ATA IDE connector that supports two devices • Four serial ATA IDE connectors that support one device per connector 1.5.2.1 Parallel ATE IDE Interface The ICH7’s Parallel ATA IDE controller has one bus-mastering Parallel ATA IDE interface. The Parallel ATA IDE interface supports the following modes: • Programmed I/O (PIO): processor controls data transfer. • 8237-style DMA: DMA offloads the processor, supporting transfer rates of up to 16 MB/sec. • Ultra DMA: DMA protocol on IDE bus supporting host and target throttling and transfer rates of up to 33 MB/sec. • ATA-66: DMA protocol on IDE bus supporting host and target throttling and transfer rates of up to 66 MB/sec. ATA-66 protocol is similar to Ultra DMA and is device driver compatible. • ATA-100: DMA protocol on IDE bus allows host and target throttling. The ICH7’s ATA-100 logic can achieve read transfer rates up to 100 MB/sec and write transfer rates up to 88 MB/sec. � NOTE ATA-66 and ATA-100 are faster timings and require a specialized cable to reduce reflections, noise, and inductive coupling. The Parallel ATA IDE interface also supports ATAPI devices (such as CD-ROM drives) and ATA devices using the transfer modes. The BIOS supports Logical Block Addressing (LBA) and Extended Cylinder Head Sector (ECHS) translation modes. The drive reports the transfer rate and translation mode to the BIOS. For information about Refer to The location of the Parallel ATA IDE connector Figure 17, page 48 1.5.2.2 Serial ATA Interfaces The ICH7’s Serial ATA controller offers four independent Serial ATA ports with a theoretical maximum transfer rate of 3 Gbits/sec per port. One device can be installed on each port for a maximum of four Serial ATA devices. A point-to-point interface is used for host to device connections, unlike Parallel ATA IDE which supports a master/slave configuration and two devices per channel. For compatibility, the underlying Serial ATA functionality is transparent to the operating system. The Serial ATA controller can operate in both legacy and native modes. In legacy mode, standard IDE I/O and IRQ resources are assigned (IRQ 14 and 15). In Native mode, standard PCI Conventional bus resource steering is used. Native mode is the preferred mode for configurations using the Windows* XP and Windows 2000 operating systems. 22 Product Description NOTE � Many Serial ATA drives use new low-voltage power connectors and require adaptors or power supplies equipped with low-voltage power connectors. For more information, see: http://www.serialata.org/ For information about Refer to The location of the Serial ATA IDE connectors Figure 17, page 48 1.5.2.3 Serial ATA RAID (Optional) The optional ICH7-R supports the following RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Drives) levels: • RAID 0 - data striping. Multiple physical drives can be teamed together to create one logical drive. As data is written or retrieved from the logical drive, both drives operate in parallel, thus increasing the throughput. The ICH7-R allows for more than two drives to be used in a RAID 0 configuration. • RAID 1 - data mirroring. Multiple physical drives maintain duplicate sets of all data on separate disk drives. Level 1 provides the highest data reliability because two complete copies of all information are maintained. The ICH7-R allows for two or four drives to be used in a RAID 1 configuration. • RAID 0+1 (or RAID 10) - data striping and mirroring. RAID 0+1 combines multiple mirrored drives (RAID 1) with data striping (RAID 0) into a single array. This provides the highest performance with data protection. Data is striped across all mirrored sets. RAID 0+1 utilizes several drives to stripe data (increased performance) and then makes a copy of the striped drives to provide redundancy. The mirrored disks eliminate the overhead and delay of parity. • RAID 5 - distributed parity. RAID Level 5 stripes data at a block level across several drives and distributes parity among the drives; no single disk is devoted to parity. Because parity data is distributed on each drive, read performance tends to be lower than other RAID types. RAID 5 requires the use of three or four drives. 1.5.2.4 SCSI Hard Drive Activity LED Connector (Optional) The SCSI hard drive activity LED connector is a 1 x 2-pin connector that allows an add-in hard drive controller to use the same LED as the onboard IDE controller. For proper operation, this connector should be wired to the LED output of the add-in hard drive controller. The LED indicates when data is being read from, or written to, either the add-in hard drive controller or the onboard IDE controller (Parallel ATA or Serial ATA). For information about Refer to The location of the SCSI hard drive activity LED connector Figure 17, page 48 The signal names of the SCSI hard drive activity LED connector Table 20, page 50 23 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 1.5.3 Real-Time Clock, CMOS SRAM, and Battery A coin-cell battery (CR2032) powers the real-time clock and CMOS memory. When the computer is not plugged into a wall socket, the battery has an estimated life of three years. When the computer is plugged in, the standby current from the power supply extends the life of the battery. The clock is accurate to ± 13 minutes/year at 25 ºC with 3.3 VSB applied. � NOTE If the battery and AC power fail, custom defaults, if previously saved, will be loaded into CMOS RAM at power-on. 1.6 PCI Express Connectors The board provides the following PCI Express connectors: • One PCI Express x16 connector supporting simultaneous transfer speeds up to 8 GBytes/sec • Two PCI Express x1 connectors. The x1 interfaces support simultaneous transfer speeds up to 500 MBytes/sec The PCI Express interface supports the PCI Conventional bus configuration mechanism so that the underlying PCI Express architecture is compatible with PCI Conventional compliant operating systems. Additional features of the PCI Express interface include the following: • Support for the PCI Express enhanced configuration mechanism • Automatic discovery, link training, and initialization • Support for Active State Power Management (ASPM) • SMBus 2.0 support • Wake# signal supporting wake events from ACPI S1, S3, S4, or S5 • Software compatible with the PCI Power Management Event (PME) mechanism defined in the PCI Power Management Specification Rev. 1.1 1.7 IEEE-1394a Connectors (Optional) The optional IEEE-1394a interface addresses interconnection of both computer peripherals and consumer electronics. The IEEE-1394a interface provides a throughput ranging from 100 Mbits/sec to 400 Mbits/sec. As a manufacturing option, the board includes three IEEE-1394a connectors as follows: • One IEEE-1394a connector located on the back panel. • Two IEEE-1394a front-panel connectors located on the component side. For information about Refer to The location of the back panel IEEE-1394a connector Figure 16, page 47 The location of the front panel IEEE-1394a connectors Figure 17, page 48 The signal names of the front panel IEEE-1394a connectors Section 2.8.2.7, page 56 24 Product Description 1.8 Legacy I/O Controller The legacy I/O controller provides the following features: • One serial port • One parallel port with Extended Capabilities Port (ECP) and Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP) support • Serial IRQ interface compatible with serialized IRQ support for PCI Conventional bus systems • PS/2-style mouse and keyboard interfaces • Interface for one 1.44 MB or 2.88 MB diskette drive • Intelligent power management, including a programmable wake-up event interface • PCI Conventional bus power management support The BIOS Setup program provides configuration options for the legacy I/O controller. 1.8.1 Serial Port The Serial port A connector is located on the back panel. The serial port supports data transfers at speeds up to 115.2 kbits/sec with BIOS support. For information about Refer to The location of the serial port A connector Figure 16, page 47 1.8.2 Parallel Port The 25-pin D-Sub parallel port connector is located on the back panel. Use the BIOS Setup program to set the parallel port mode. For information about Refer to The location of the parallel port connector Figure 16, page 47 1.8.3 Diskette Drive Controller The legacy I/O controller supports one diskette drive. Use the BIOS Setup program to configure the diskette drive interface. For information about Refer to The location of the diskette drive connector Figure 17, page 48 1.8.4 Keyboard and Mouse Interface PS/2 keyboard and mouse connectors are located on the back panel. NOTE � The keyboard is supported in the bottom PS/2 connector and the mouse is supported in the top PS/2 connector. Power to the computer should be turned off before a keyboard or mouse is connected or disconnected. For information about Refer to The location of the keyboard and mouse connectors Figure 16, page 47 25 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 1.9 Audio Subsystem ® The board supports the Intel High Definition audio subsystem based on the Sigmatel* 9220 audio codec. The audio subsystem supports the following features: • Advanced jack sense for the back panel audio jacks that enables the audio codec to recognize the device that is connected to an audio port. The back panel audio jacks are capable of retasking according to user’s definition, or can be automatically switched depending on the recognized device type. • Stereo input and output for all back panel jacks • Line out and Mic in functions for front panel audio jacks • A signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 95 dB 1.9.1 Audio Subsystem Software Audio software and drivers are available from Intel’s World Wide Web site. For information about Refer to Obtaining audio software and drivers Section 1.2, page 15 1.9.2 Audio Connectors The board contains audio connectors on both the back panel and the component side of the board. The front panel audio connector provides mic in and line out signals for the front panel. For information about Refer to The location of the front panel audio connector Figure 17, page 48 The signal names of the front panel audio connector Table 18, page 50 The back panel audio connectors Section 2.8.1, page 47 26 Product Description 1.9.3 6-Channel (5.1) Audio Subsystem The 6-channel (5.1) audio subsystem includes the following: • Intel 82801G I/O Controller Hub (ICH7) • Sigmatel 9220 audio codec • Microphone input that supports a single dynamic, condenser, or electret microphone The back panel audio connectors are configurable through the audio device drivers. The available configurable audio ports are shown in Figure 9. Front Panel Back Panel Audio Connectors Audio Connectors Line Out Mic In Line In/ Retasking Jack Line Out/ Retasking Jack Mic In/ Retasking Jack OM17560 Figure 9. Front/Back Panel Audio Connector Options for 6-Channel (5.1) Audio Subsystem Figure 10 is a block diagram of the 6-channel (5.1) audio subsystem. Line Out Front Panel 82801G Mic In Intel Sigmatel I/O Controller High Definition 9220 Line In/Retasking Jack Hub Back Audio Link Audio Codec (ICH7) Line Out/Retasking Jack Panel Mic In/Retasking Jack OM17818 Figure 10. 6-Channel (5.1) Audio Subsystem Block Diagram For information about Refer to The back panel audio connectors Section 2.8.1, page 47 27 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 1.10 LAN Subsystem The LAN subsystem consists of the following: • Physical layer interface device. As a manufacturing option, the board includes one of the following LAN devices: ⎯ Intel 82562GX PLC for 10/100 Mbits/sec Ethernet LAN connectivity ⎯ Intel 82573V/82574V for Gigabit (10/100/1000 Mbits/sec) Ethernet LAN connectivity • RJ-45 LAN connector with integrated status LEDs Additional features of the LAN subsystem include: • CSMA/CD protocol engine • LAN connect interface that supports the 82562GX • PCI Conventional bus power management ⎯ Supports ACPI technology ⎯ Supports LAN wake capabilities 1.10.1 LAN Subsystem Software LAN software and drivers are available from Intel’s World Wide Web site. For information about Refer to Obtaining LAN software and drivers Section 1.2, page 15 28 Product Description 1.10.2 10/100 Mbits/sec LAN Subsystem The 10/100 Mbits/sec LAN subsystem consists of the following: • Intel 82801G ICH7 • Intel 82562GX PLC • RJ-45 LAN connector with integrated status LEDs. ® 1.10.2.1 Intel 82562GX Physical Layer Interface Device The Intel 82562GX provides the following functions: • 10/100 Ethernet LAN connectivity • Full device driver compatibility • Programmable transit threshold • Configuration EEPROM that contains the MAC address 1.10.2.2 RJ-45 LAN Connector with Integrated LEDs Two LEDs are built into the RJ-45 LAN connector (shown in Figure 11). Green LED Yellow LED OM15076 Figure 11. LAN Connector LED Locations Table 5 describes the LED states when the board is powered up and the 10/100 Mbits/sec LAN subsystem is operating. Table 5. LAN Connector LED States LED Color LED State Condition Green Off LAN link is not established. On LAN link is established. Blinking LAN activity is occurring. Yellow Off 10 Mbits/sec data rate is selected. On 100 Mbits/sec data rate is selected. 29 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 1.10.3 Gigabit LAN Subsystem The Gigabit (10/100/1000 Mbits/sec) LAN subsystem includes the Intel 82573V/82574V controller and an RJ-45 LAN connector with integrated status LEDs. ® 1.10.3.1 Intel 82573V/82574V Gigabit Ethernet Controller The Intel 82573V/82574V Gigabit Ethernet Controller supports the following features: • PCI Express link • 10/100/1000 IEEE 802.3 compliant • Compliant to IEEE 802.3x flow control support • Jumbo frame support • TCP, IP, UDP checksum offload • Transmit TCP segmentation • Advanced packet filtering • Full device driver compatibility • PCI Express Power Management Support 1.10.3.2 RJ-45 LAN Connector with Integrated LEDs Two LEDs are built into the RJ-45 LAN connector (as shown in Figure 12). Table 6 describes the LED states when the board is powered up and the Gigabit LAN subsystem is operating. Green LED Green/Yellow LED OM16513 Figure 12. LAN Connector LED Locations Table 6. LAN Connector LED States LED Color LED State Condition Off LAN link is not established. Left Green On LAN link is established. Blinking LAN activity is occurring. N/A Off 10 Mbits/sec data rate is selected. Right Green On 100 Mbits/sec data rate is selected. Yellow 1000 Mbits/sec data rate is selected. On 30 Product Description 1.11 Hardware Management Subsystem The hardware management features enable the board to be compatible with the Wired for Management (WfM) specification. The board has several hardware management features, including the following: • Chassis intrusion detection • Fan monitoring and control (through the hardware monitoring and fan control ASIC) • Thermal and voltage monitoring 1.11.1 Hardware Monitoring and Fan Control ASIC The features of the hardware monitoring and fan control ASIC include: • Internal ambient temperature sensor • Two remote thermal diode sensors for direct monitoring of processor temperature and ambient temperature sensing • Power supply monitoring of five voltages (+5 V, +12 V, +3.3 VSB, +1.5 V, and +VCCP) to detect levels above or below acceptable values • Thermally monitored closed-loop fan control, for all three fans, that can adjust the fan speed or switch the fans on or off as needed • SMBus interface For information about Refer to The location of the fan connectors and sensors for thermal monitoring Figure 13, page 32 1.11.2 Chassis Intrusion and Detection The board supports a chassis security feature that detects if the chassis cover is removed. The security feature uses a mechanical switch on the chassis that attaches to the chassis intrusion connector. When the chassis cover is removed, the mechanical switch is in the closed position. 1.11.3 Fan Monitoring Fan monitoring can be implemented using Intel Desktop Utilities or third-party software. The level of monitoring and control is dependent on the hardware monitoring ASIC used with the board. For information about Refer to The functions of the fan connectors Section 1.12.2.2, page 36 31 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 1.11.4 Thermal Monitoring Figure 13 shows the location of the sensors and fan connectors. 4 1 1 A 3 B C 4 1 D 1 3 G F E OM17954 Item Description A Remote ambient temperature sensor B Thermal diode, located on processor die C Ambient temperature sensor, internal to hardware monitoring and fan control ASIC D Processor fan E Rear chassis fan F Front chassis fan G Auxiliary fan (optional) Figure 13. Thermal Sensors and Fan Connectors 32 Product Description 1.12 Power Management Power management is implemented at several levels, including: • Software support through Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) • Hardware support: ⎯ Power connector ⎯ Fan connectors ⎯ LAN wake capabilities ⎯ Instantly Available PC technology ⎯ Resume on Ring ⎯ Wake from USB ⎯ Wake from PS/2 devices ⎯ Power Management Event signal (PME#) wake-up support 1.12.1 ACPI ACPI gives the operating system direct control over the power management and Plug and Play functions of a computer. The use of ACPI with this board requires an operating system that provides full ACPI support. ACPI features include: • Plug and Play (including bus and device enumeration) • Power management control of individual devices, add-in boards (some add-in boards may require an ACPI-aware driver), video displays, and hard disk drives • Methods for achieving less than 15-watt system operation in the power-on/standby sleeping state • A Soft-off feature that enables the operating system to power-off the computer • Support for multiple wake-up events (see Table 9 on page 35) • Support for a front panel power and sleep mode switch Table 7 lists the system states based on how long the power switch is pressed, depending on how ACPI is configured with an ACPI-aware operating system. Table 7. Effects of Pressing the Power Switch …and the power switch is If the system is in this state… pressed for …the system enters this state Off Less than four seconds Power-on (ACPI G2/G5 – Soft off) (ACPI G0 – working state) On Less than four seconds Soft-off/Standby (ACPI G0 – working state) (ACPI G1 – sleeping state) On More than four seconds Fail safe power-off (ACPI G0 – working state) (ACPI G2/G5 – Soft off) Sleep Less than four seconds Wake-up (ACPI G1 – sleeping state) (ACPI G0 – working state) Sleep More than four seconds Power-off (ACPI G1 – sleeping state) (ACPI G2/G5 – Soft off) 33 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 1.12.1.1 System States and Power States Under ACPI, the operating system directs all system and device power state transitions. The operating system puts devices in and out of low-power states based on user preferences and knowledge of how devices are being used by applications. Devices that are not being used can be turned off. The operating system uses information from applications and user settings to put the system as a whole into a low-power state. Table 8 lists the power states supported by the board along with the associated system power targets. See the ACPI specification for a complete description of the various system and power states. Table 8. Power States and Targeted System Power Processor Targeted System (Note 1) Global States Sleeping States States Device States Power G0 – working S0 – working C0 – working D0 – working state. Full power > 30 W state G1 – sleeping S1 – Processor C1 – stop D1, D2, D3 – device 5 W < power < 52.5 W state stopped grant specification specific. (Note 2) G1 – sleeping S3 – Suspend to No power D3 – no power Power < 5 W state RAM. Context except for wake-up saved to RAM. logic. (Note 2) G1 – sleeping S4 – Suspend to No power D3 – no power Power < 5 W state disk. Context except for wake-up saved to disk. logic. (Note 2) G2/S5 S5 – Soft off. No power D3 – no power Power < 5 W Context not saved. except for wake-up Cold boot is logic. required. G3 – No power to the No power D3 – no power for No power to the system. mechanical off system. wake-up logic, Service can be except when performed safely. AC power is provided by battery disconnected or external source. from the computer. Notes: 1. Total system power is dependent on the system configuration, including add-in boards and peripherals powered by the system chassis’ power supply. 2. Dependent on the standby power consumption of wake-up devices used in the system. 1.12.1.2 One-Watt Standby In 2001, the U.S. government issued an executive order requiring a reduction in power for appliances and personal computers. This board meets that requirement by operating at 1 W (or less) in S5 (Standby) mode. One-Watt operation applies only to the S5 state when the computer is turned off, but still connected to AC power. One-Watt operation does not apply to the S3 (Suspend to RAM) or S4 (Suspend to disk) states. Newer energy-efficient power supplies using less than 0.5 W (in Standby mode) may also be needed to achieve this goal. 34 Product Description 1.12.1.3 Wake-up Devices and Events Table 9 lists the devices or specific events that can wake the computer from specific states. Table 9. Wake-up Devices and Events These devices/events can wake up the computer… …from this state (Note) LAN S1, S3, S4, S5 Modem (back panel Serial Port A) S1, S3 (Note) PME# signal S1, S3, S4, S5 Power switch S1, S3, S4, S5 PS/2 devices S1, S3 RTC alarm S1, S3, S4, S5 USB S1, S3 WAKE# signal S1, S3, S4, S5 Note: For LAN and PME# signal, S5 is disabled by default in the BIOS Setup program. Setting this option to Power On will enable a wake-up event from LAN in the S5 state. NOTE � The use of these wake-up events from an ACPI state requires an operating system that provides full ACPI support. In addition, software, drivers, and peripherals must fully support ACPI wake events. 1.12.2 Hardware Support CAUTION Ensure that the power supply provides adequate +5 V standby current if LAN wake capabilities and Instantly Available PC technology features are used. Failure to do so can damage the power supply. The total amount of standby current required depends on the wake devices supported and manufacturing options. The board provides several power management hardware features, including: • Power connector • Fan connectors • LAN wake capabilities • Instantly Available PC technology • Resume on Ring • Wake from USB • Wake from PS/2 keyboard • PME# signal wake-up support • WAKE# signal wake-up support LAN wake capabilities and Instantly Available PC technology require power from the +5 V standby line. Resume on Ring enables telephony devices to access the computer when it is in a power-managed state. The method used depends on the type of telephony device (external or internal). 35 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification NOTE � The use of Resume on Ring and Wake from USB technologies from an ACPI state requires an operating system that provides full ACPI support. 1.12.2.1 Power Connector ATX12V-compliant power supplies can turn off the system power through system control. When an ACPI-enabled system receives the correct command, the power supply removes all non-standby voltages. When resuming from an AC power failure, the computer returns to the power state it was in before power was interrupted (on or off). The computer’s response can be set using the Last Power State feature in the BIOS Setup program’s Boot menu. For information about Refer to The location of the main power connector Figure 17, page 48 The signal names of the main power connector Table 25, page 52 1.12.2.2 Fan Connectors The function/operation of the fan connectors is as follows: • The fans are on when the board is in the S0 or S1 state. • The fans are off when the board is off or in the S3, S4, or S5 state. • Each fan connector is wired to a fan tachometer input of the hardware monitoring and fan control ASIC. • All fan connectors support closed-loop fan control that can adjust the fan speed or switch the fan on or off as needed. • All fan connectors have a +12 V DC connection. For information about Refer to The location of the fan connectors Figure 17, page 48 The location of the fan connectors and sensors for thermal monitoring Figure 13, page 32 The signal names of the processor fan connector Table 22, page 51 The signal names of the chassis fan connectors Table 23, page 51 1.12.2.3 LAN Wake Capabilities CAUTION For LAN wake capabilities, the +5 V standby line for the power supply must be capable of providing adequate +5 V standby current. Failure to provide adequate standby current when implementing LAN wake capabilities can damage the power supply. LAN wake capabilities enable remote wake-up of the computer through a network. The LAN network adapter monitors network traffic at the Media Independent Interface. Upon detecting a Magic Packet* frame, the LAN subsystem asserts a wake-up signal that powers up the computer. Depending on the LAN implementation, the board supports LAN wake capabilities with ACPI in the following ways: 36 Product Description • The PCI Express WAKE# signal • The PCI Conventional bus PME# signal for PCI 2.3 compliant LAN designs • The onboard LAN subsystem 1.12.2.4 Instantly Available PC Technology CAUTION For Instantly Available PC technology, the +5 V standby line for the power supply must be capable of providing adequate +5 V standby current. Failure to provide adequate standby current when implementing Instantly Available PC technology can damage the power supply. Instantly Available PC technology enables the board to enter the ACPI S3 (Suspend-to-RAM) sleep-state. While in the S3 sleep-state, the computer will appear to be off (the power supply is off, and the front panel LED is amber if dual colored, or off if single colored.) When signaled by a wake-up device or event, the system quickly returns to its last known wake state. Table 9 on page 35 lists the devices and events that can wake the computer from the S3 state. The board supports the PCI Bus Power Management Interface Specification. Add-in boards that also support this specification can participate in power management and can be used to wake the computer. The use of Instantly Available PC technology requires operating system support and PCI 2.3 compliant add-in cards, PCI Express add-in cards, and drivers. 1.12.2.5 Resume on Ring The operation of Resume on Ring can be summarized as follows: • Resumes operation from ACPI S1 or S3 states • Detects incoming call similarly for external and internal modems • Requires modem interrupt be unmasked for correct operation 1.12.2.6 Wake from USB USB bus activity wakes the computer from ACPI S1 or S3 states. NOTE � Wake from USB requires the use of a USB peripheral that supports Wake from USB. 1.12.2.7 Wake from PS/2 Devices PS/2 device activity wakes the computer from an ACPI S1 or S3 state. 1.12.2.8 PME# Signal Wake-up Support When the PME# signal on the PCI Conventional bus is asserted, the computer wakes from an ACPI S1, S3, S4, or S5 state (with Wake on PME enabled in BIOS). 37 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 1.12.2.9 WAKE# Signal Wake-up Support When the WAKE# signal on the PCI Express bus is asserted, the computer wakes from an ACPI S1, S3, S4, or S5 state. 1.12.2.10 +5 V Standby Power Indicator LED The +5 V standby power indicator LED shows that power is still present even when the computer appears to be off. Figure 14 shows the location of the standby power indicator LED. CAUTION If AC power has been switched off and the standby power indicator is still lit, disconnect the power cord before installing or removing any devices connected to the board. Failure to do so could damage the board and any attached devices. CR3J1 OM17955 Figure 14. Location of the Standby Power Indicator LED 1.13 Trusted Platform Module (Optional) The optional Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a component on the desktop board that is specifically designed to enhance platform security above-and-beyond the capabilities of today’s software by providing a protected space for key operations and other security critical tasks. Using both hardware and software, the TPM protects encryption and signature keys at their most vulnerable stages—operations when the keys are being used unencrypted in plain-text form. The TPM is specifically designed to shield unencrypted keys and platform authentication information from software-based attacks. For information about Refer to TPM http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd/sn/ 38 2 Technical Reference What This Chapter Contains 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................39 2.2 Memory Resources ......................................................................................................39 2.3 DMA Channels.............................................................................................................41 2.4 Fixed I/O Map...............................................................................................................42 2.5 PCI Configuration Space Map......................................................................................43 2.6 Interrupts......................................................................................................................44 2.7 PCI Conventional Interrupt Routing Map .....................................................................45 2.8 Connectors...................................................................................................................46 2.9 Jumper Block ...............................................................................................................57 2.10 Mechanical Considerations..........................................................................................58 2.11 Electrical Considerations..............................................................................................60 2.12 Thermal Considerations...............................................................................................62 2.13 Reliability......................................................................................................................64 2.14 Environmental ..............................................................................................................65 2.15 Regulatory Compliance................................................................................................66 2.1 Introduction Sections 2.2 - 2.6 contain several standalone tables. Table 10 describes the system memory map, Table 11 lists the DMA channels, Table 12 shows the I/O map, Table 13 defines the PCI Conventional bus configuration space map, and Table 14 describes the interrupts. The remaining sections in this chapter are introduced by text found with their respective section headings. 2.2 Memory Resources 2.2.1 Addressable Memory The board utilizes 4 GB of addressable system memory. Typically the address space that is allocated for PCI Conventional bus add-in cards, PCI Express configuration space, BIOS (SPI Flash), and chipset overhead resides above the top of DRAM (total system memory). On a system that has 4 GB of system memory installed, it is not possible to use all of the installed memory due to system address space being allocated for other system critical functions. These functions include the following: • BIOS/ SPI Flash (2 MB) • Local APIC (19 MB) • Digital Media Interface (40 MB) • Front side bus interrupts (17 MB) • PCI Express configuration space (256 MB) 39 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification • MCH base address registers, internal graphics ranges, PCI Express ports (up to 512 MB) • Memory-mapped I/O that is dynamically allocated for PCI Conventional and PCI Express add-in cards The amount of installed memory that can be used will vary based on add-in cards and BIOS settings. Figure 15 shows a schematic of the system memory map. All installed system memory can be used when there is no overlap of system addresses. 4 GB Top of System Address Space FLASH APIC ~20 MB Reserved PCI Memory Range - contains PCI, chipsets, 1 MB Direct Media Interface 0FFFFFH Upper BIOS (DMI), and ICH ranges area (64 KB) (approximately 750 MB) 0F0000H 960 KB 0EFFFFH Lower BIOS Top of usable area DRAM (memory (64 KB; visible to the 16 KB x 4) 0E0000H operating 896 KB 0DFFFFH system) Add-in Card BIOS and Buffer area (128 KB; 16 KB x 8) 0C0000H DRAM 768 KB 0BFFFFH Range Standard PCI/ ISA Video Memory (SMM 1 MB Memory) 640 KB 128 KB 0A0000H DOS 640 KB 09FFFFH Compatibility DOS area Memory (640 KB) 00000H 0 MB 0 KB OM17140 Figure 15. Detailed System Memory Address Map 40 Technical Reference 2.2.2 Memory Map Table 10 lists the system memory map. Table 10. System Memory Map Address Range (decimal) Address Range (hex) Size Description 1024 K - 4194304 K 100000 - FFFFFFFF 4095 MB Extended memory 960 K - 1024 K F0000 - FFFFF 64 KB Runtime BIOS 896 K - 960 K E0000 - EFFFF 64 KB Reserved 800 K - 896 K C8000 - DFFFF 96 KB Potential available high DOS memory (open to the PCI Conventional bus). Dependent on video adapter used. 640 K - 800 K A0000 - C7FFF 160 KB Video memory and BIOS 639 K - 640 K 9FC00 - 9FFFF 1 KB Extended BIOS data (movable by memory manager software) 512 K - 639 K 80000 - 9FBFF 127 KB Extended conventional memory 0 K - 512 K 00000 - 7FFFF 512 KB Conventional memory 2.3 DMA Channels Table 11. DMA Channels DMA Channel Number Data Width System Resource 0 8 or 16 bits Open 1 8 or 16 bits Parallel port 2 8 or 16 bits Diskette drive 3 8 or 16 bits Parallel port (for ECP or EPP) 4 8 or 16 bits DMA controller 5 16 bits Open 6 16 bits Open 7 16 bits Open 41 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 2.4 Fixed I/O Map Table 12. I/O Map Address (hex) Size Description 0000 - 00FF 256 bytes Used by the Desktop Board D945PSN. Refer to the ICH7 data sheet for dynamic addressing information. 0170 - 0177 8 bytes Secondary Parallel ATA IDE channel command block 01F0 - 01F7 8 bytes Primary Parallel ATA IDE channel command block (Note 1) 0228 - 022F 8 bytes LPT3 (Note 1) 0278 - 027F 8 bytes LPT2 (Note 1) 02E8 - 02EF 8 bytes COM4 (Note 1) 02F8 - 02FF 8 bytes COM2 0374 - 0377 4 bytes Secondary Parallel ATA IDE channel control block 0377, bits 6:0 7 bits Secondary IDE channel status port 0378 - 037F 8 bytes LPT1 03E8 - 03EF 8 bytes COM3 03F0 - 03F5 6 bytes Diskette channel 03F4 – 03F7 1 byte Primary Parallel ATA IDE channel control block 03F8 - 03FF 8 bytes COM1 04D0 - 04D1 2 bytes Edge/level triggered PIC LPTn + 400 8 bytes ECP port, LPTn base address + 400h (Note 2) 0CF8 - 0CFB 4 bytes PCI Conventional bus configuration address register (Note 3) 0CF9 1 byte Reset control register 0CFC - 0CFF 4 bytes PCI Conventional bus configuration data register FFA0 - FFA7 8 bytes Primary Parallel ATA IDE bus master registers FFA8 - FFAF 8 bytes Secondary Parallel ATA IDE bus master registers Notes: 1. Default, but can be changed to another address range 2. Dword access only 3. Byte access only � NOTE Some additional I/O addresses are not available due to ICH7 address aliasing. The ICH7 data sheet provides more information on address aliasing. For information about Refer to Obtaining the ICH7 data sheet Section 1.2, page 15 42 Technical Reference 2.5 PCI Configuration Space Map Table 13. PCI Configuration Space Map Bus Device Function Number (hex) Number (hex) Number (hex) Description 00 00 00 Memory controller of Intel 82945P component (Note 1) 00 01 00 PCI Express x16 graphics port 00 1B 00 Intel High Definition Audio Controller 00 1C 00 PCI Express port 1 00 1C 01 PCI Express port 2 00 1C 02 PCI Express port 3 00 1C 03 PCI Express port 4 00 1D 00 USB UHCI controller 1 00 1D 01 USB UHCI controller 2 00 1D 02 USB UHCI controller 3 00 1D 03 USB UHCI controller 4 00 1D 07 EHCI controller 00 1E 00 PCI bridge 00 1F 00 PCI controller 00 1F 01 Parallel ATA IDE controller 00 1F 02 Serial ATA controller 00 1F 03 SMBus controller (Note 2) 00 00 Gigabit LAN controller (if present) (Note 2) 00 00 PCI Conventional bus connector 1 (Note 2) 01 00 PCI Conventional bus connector 2 (Note 2) 02 00 PCI Conventional bus connector 3 (Note 2) 03 00 PCI Conventional bus connector 4 (Note 2) 05 00 IEEE-1394a controller (if present) (Note 2) ® 08 00 Intel 82562 10/100 Mbits/sec LAN PLC (if present) (Note 1) 01 00 00 PCI Express video controller (if present) Notes: 1. Present only when a PCI Express x16 graphics card is installed. 2. Bus number is dynamic and can change based on add-in cards used. 43 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 2.6 Interrupts The interrupts can be routed through either the Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) or the Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC) portion of the ICH7 component. The PIC is supported in Windows 98 SE and Windows ME and uses the first 16 interrupts. The APIC is supported in Windows 2000 and Windows XP and supports a total of 24 interrupts. Table 14. Interrupts IRQ System Resource NMI I/O channel check 0 Reserved, interval timer 1 Reserved, keyboard buffer full 2 Reserved, cascade interrupt from slave PIC 3 User available (Note 1) 4 COM1 5 User available 6 Diskette drive (Note 1) 7 LPT1 8 Real-time clock 9 User available 10 User available 11 User available 12 Onboard mouse port (if present, else user available) 13 Reserved, math coprocessor 14 Primary Parallel ATA/Serial ATA – Legacy Mode (if present, else user available) 15 Secondary Parallel ATA/Serial ATA – Legacy Mode (if present, else user available) (Note 2) 16 User available (through PIRQA) (Note 2) 17 User available (through PIRQB) (Note 2) 18 User available (through PIRQC) (Note 2) 19 User available (through PIRQD) (Note 2) 20 User available (through PIRQE) (Note 2) 21 User available (through PIRQF) (Note 2) 22 User available (through PIRQG) (Note 2) 23 User available (through PIRQH) Notes: 1. Default, but can be changed to another IRQ. 2. Available in APIC mode only. 44 Technical Reference 2.7 PCI Conventional Interrupt Routing Map This section describes interrupt sharing and how the interrupt signals are connected between the PCI Conventional bus connectors and onboard PCI Conventional devices. The PCI Conventional specification describes how interrupts can be shared between devices attached to the PCI Conventional bus. In most cases, the small amount of latency added by interrupt sharing does not affect the operation or throughput of the devices. In some special cases where maximum performance is needed from a device, a PCI Conventional device should not share an interrupt with other PCI Conventional devices. Use the following information to avoid sharing an interrupt with a PCI Conventional add-in card. PCI Conventional devices are categorized as follows to specify their interrupt grouping: • INTA: By default, all add-in cards that require only one interrupt are in this category. For almost all cards that require more than one interrupt, the first interrupt on the card is also classified as INTA. • INTB: Generally, the second interrupt on add-in cards that require two or more interrupts is classified as INTB. (This is not an absolute requirement.) • INTC and INTD: Generally, a third interrupt on add-in cards is classified as INTC and a fourth interrupt is classified as INTD. The ICH7 has eight Programmable Interrupt Request (PIRQ) input signals. All PCI Conventional interrupt sources either onboard or from a PCI Conventional add-in card connect to one of these PIRQ signals. Some PCI Conventional interrupt sources are electrically tied together on the board and therefore share the same interrupt. Table 15 shows an example of how the PIRQ signals are routed. For example, using Table 15 as a reference, assume an add-in card using INTA is plugged into PCI Conventional bus connector 3. In PCI bus connector 3, INTA is connected to PIRQB, which is already connected to the ICH7 audio controller. The add-in card in PCI Conventional bus connector 3 now shares an interrupt with the onboard interrupt source. 45 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification Table 15. PCI Interrupt Routing Map ICH7 PIRQ Signal Name PCI Interrupt Source PIRQA PIRQB PIRQC PIRQD PIRQE PIRQF PIRQG PIRQH ICH7 LAN INTA PCI bus connector 1 INTD INTA INTB INTC PCI bus connector 2 INTC INTB INTA INTD PCI bus connector 3 INTD INTC INTA INTB PCI bus connector 4 INTB INTA INTC INTD IEEE-1394a controller INTA (optional) NOTE � In PIC mode, the ICH7 can connect each PIRQ line internally to one of the IRQ signals (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 15). Typically, a device that does not share a PIRQ line will have a unique interrupt. However, in certain interrupt-constrained situations, it is possible for two or more of the PIRQ lines to be connected to the same IRQ signal. Refer to Table 14 for the allocation of PIRQ lines to IRQ signals in APIC mode. PCI interrupt assignments to the USB ports, Serial ATA ports, and PCI Express ports are dynamic. 2.8 Connectors CAUTION Only the following connectors have overcurrent protection: back panel USB, front panel USB, and PS/2. The other internal connectors are not overcurrent protected and should connect only to devices inside the computer’s chassis, such as fans and internal peripherals. Do not use these connectors to power devices external to the computer’s chassis. A fault in the load presented by the external devices could cause damage to the computer, the power cable, and the external devices themselves. This section describes the board’s connectors. The connectors can be divided into these groups: • Back panel I/O connectors (see page 47) • Component-side I/O connectors (see page 48) 46 Technical Reference 2.8.1 Back Panel Connectors Figure 16 shows the location of the back panel connectors. The back panel connectors are color-coded. The figure legend (Table 16) lists the colors used (when applicable). I D G AC E B F H J K OM17956 Figure 16. Back Panel Connectors Table 16 lists the back panel connectors identified in Figure 16. NOTE � The back panel audio line out connector is designed to power headphones or amplified speakers only. Poor audio quality occurs if passive (non-amplified) speakers are connected to this output. Table 16. Back Panel Connectors Shown in Figure 16 Item/callout from Figure 16 Description A PS/2 mouse port [Green] B PS/2 keyboard port [Purple] C Serial port A [Teal] D Parallel port [Burgundy] E IEEE-1394a (optional) F USB ports (two) G LAN H USB ports (two) I Audio line in/Retasking Jack [Blue] J Mic in/Retasking Jack [Pink] K Front left/right channel audio out/Two channel audio line out/Retasking Jack [Lime green] 47 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 2.8.2 Component-side Connectors Figure 17 shows the locations of the component-side connectors. AC B D E F G H I J 4 1 2 1 1 2 9 10 K 3 4 1 3 10 2 1 10 2 1 BB AA 4 L 1 12 Z 10 Y X 24 2 1 M 23 1 2 40 2 34 1 39 1 33 W V U T S R Q P O N 1 12 1 10 1 9 1 1 1 2 13 1 OM17957 Figure 17. Component-side Connectors 48 Technical Reference Table 17 lists the component-side connectors identified in Figure 17. Table 17. Component-side Connectors Shown in Figure 17 Item/callout from Figure 17 Description A PCI Conventional bus add-in card connector 4 B Auxiliary fan connector (optional) C PCI Conventional bus add-in card connector 3 D PCI Express x1 bus add-in card connector 2 E PCI Express x1 bus add-in card connector 1 F Front panel audio connector G PCI Conventional bus add-in card connector 2 H PCI Conventional bus add-in card connector 1 I PCI Express x16 bus add-in card connector J Rear chassis fan connector K +12V power connector (ATX12V) L Processor fan connector M SCSI LED connector (optional) N Power connector O Diskette drive connector P Parallel ATA IDE connector Q Serial ATA connector 3 R Front chassis fan connector S Serial ATA connector 2 T Serial ATA connector 0 U Auxiliary front panel power LED connector V Front panel connector W Serial ATA connector 1 X Front panel USB connector Y Chassis intrusion connector Z Front panel USB connector AA Front panel IEEE-1394a connector (optional) BB Front panel IEEE-1394a connector (optional) 49 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification Table 18. Front Panel Audio Connector Pin Signal Name Pin Signal Name 1 Port E [Port 1] Left Channel 2 Ground 3 Port E [Port 1] Right Channel 4 Presence# (dongle present) 5 Port F [Port 2] Right Channel 6 Port E [Port 1] Sense return (jack detection) 7 Port E [Port 1] and Port F [Port 2] 8 Key Sense send (jack detection) 9 Port F [Port 2] Left Channel 10 Port F [Port 2] Sense return (jack detection) INTEGRATOR’S NOTE # The front panel audio connector is colored yellow. Table 19. Chassis Intrusion Connector Pin Signal Name 1 Intruder 2 Ground Table 20. SCSI Hard Drive Activity LED Connector (Optional) Pin Signal Name 1 SCSI_ACT# 2 No connect Table 21. Serial ATA Connectors Pin Signal Name 1 Ground 2 TXP 3 TXN 4 Ground 5 RXN 6 RXP 7 Ground 50 Technical Reference Table 22. Processor Fan Connector Pin Signal Name 1 Ground 2 +12 V 3 FAN_TACH 4 FAN_CONTROL 2.8.2.1 Chassis Fan Connectors The board has two standard and one optional chassis fan connectors: • Front chassis fan • Rear chassis fan • Auxiliary fan connector (optional) Table 23 lists the signal names for the front and rear chassis fan connectors. Table 25 lists the signal names for the auxiliary fan connector. Table 23. Front and Rear Chassis Fan Connectors Pin Signal Name 1 FAN_CONTROL 2 +12 V 3 FAN_TACH Table 24. Auxiliary Fan Connector (optional) Pin Signal Name 1 Ground 2 +12 V (Note) 3 FAN_TACH 4 FAN_CONTROL Note: The tachometer output is not monitored by the hardware monitoring and fan control ASIC. 51 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 2.8.2.2 Power Supply Connectors The board has power supply connectors: • Main power – a 2 x 12 connector. This connector is compatible with 2 x 10 connectors previously used on Intel Desktop boards. The board supports the use of ATX12V power supplies with either 2 x 10 or 2 x 12 main power cables. When using a power supply with a 2 x 10 main power cable, attach that cable on the rightmost pins of the main power connector, leaving pins 11, 12, 23, and 24 unconnected. • ATX12V power – a 2 x 2 connector. This connector provides power directly to the processor voltage regulator and must always be used. Failure to do so will prevent the board from booting. INTEGRATOR’S NOTE # When using high wattage PCI Express x16 graphics cards, use a power supply with a 2 x 12 main power cable. The 2 x 12 main power cable can provide up to 144 W of power from the +12 V rail. Table 25. Main Power Connector Pin Signal Name Pin Signal Name 1 +3.3 V 13 +3.3 V 2 +3.3 V 14 -12 V 3 Ground 15 Ground 4 +5 V 16 PS-ON# (power supply remote on/off) 5 Ground 17 Ground 6 +5 V 18 Ground 7 Ground 19 Ground 8 PWRGD (Power Good) 20 No connect 9 +5 V (Standby) 21 +5 V 10 +12 V 22 +5 V (Note) (Note) 11 +12 V 23 +5 V (Note) (Note) 12 2 x 12 connector detect 24 Ground Note: When using a 2 x 10 power supply cable, this pin will be unconnected. Table 26. ATX12V Power Connector Pin Signal Name Pin Signal Name 1 Ground 2 Ground 3 +12 V 4 +12 V 52 Technical Reference 2.8.2.3 Add-in Card Connectors The board has the following add-in card connectors: • PCI Express x16: one connector supporting simultaneous transfer speeds up to 8 GBytes/sec. • PCI Express x1: two PCI Express x1 connectors. The x1 interfaces support simultaneous transfer speeds up to 500 MBytes/sec. • PCI Conventional (rev 2.3 compliant) bus: four PCI Conventional bus add-in card connectors. The SMBus is routed to PCI Conventional bus connector 2 only (ATX expansion slot 6). PCI Conventional bus add-in cards with SMBus support can access sensor data and other information residing on the board. Note the following considerations for the PCI Conventional bus connectors: • All of the PCI Conventional bus connectors are bus master capable. • SMBus signals are routed to PCI Conventional bus connector 2. This enables PCI Conventional bus add-in boards with SMBus support to access sensor data on the boards. The specific SMBus signals are as follows: ⎯ The SMBus clock line is connected to pin A40. ⎯ The SMBus data line is connected to pin A41. NOTE � The PCI Express x16 connector is configured to support only a PCI Express x1 link when the Intel GMA950 graphics controller is enabled. 2.8.2.4 Auxiliary Front Panel Power/Sleep LED Connector Pins 1 and 3 of this connector duplicate the signals on pins 2 and 4 of the front panel connector. Table 27. Auxiliary Front Panel Power/Sleep LED Connector Pin Signal Name In/Out Description 1 HDR_BLNK_GRN Out Front panel green LED 2 Not connected 3 HDR_BLNK_YEL Out Front panel yellow LED 53 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 2.8.2.5 Front Panel Connector This section describes the functions of the front panel connector. Table 28 lists the signal names of the front panel connector. Figure 18 is a connection diagram for the front panel connector. Table 28. Front Panel Connector Pin Signal In/Out Description Pin Signal In/Out Description Hard Drive Activity LED Power LED [Yellow] [Green] 1 HD_PWR Out Hard disk LED pull-up 2 HDR_BLNK_ Out Front panel green (750 Ω) to +5 V GRN LED 3 HAD# Out Hard disk active LED 4 HDR_BLNK_ Out Front panel yellow YEL LED Reset Switch On/Off Switch [Purple] [Red] 5 Ground Ground 6 FPBUT_IN In Power switch 7 FP_RESET# In Reset switch 8 Ground Ground Power Not Connected 9 +5 V Power 10 N/C Not connected N/C 9 +5 V DC 8 7 Reset Power Switch Switch 6 5 4 3 Dual-colored Single-colored − Power LED Power LED Hard Drive Activity LED + − 2 1 + − + OM17000 Figure 18. Connection Diagram for Front Panel Connector 2.8.2.5.1 Hard Drive Activity LED Connector [Yellow] Pins 1 and 3 [Yellow] can be connected to an LED to provide a visual indicator that data is being read from or written to a hard drive. Proper LED function requires one of the following: • A Serial ATA hard drive connected to an onboard Serial ATA connector • An IDE hard drive connected to an onboard IDE connector 54 Green Red Yellow Purple Technical Reference 2.8.2.5.2 Reset Switch Connector [Purple] Pins 5 and 7 [Purple] can be connected to a momentary single pole, single throw (SPST) type switch that is normally open. When the switch is closed, the board resets and runs the POST. 2.8.2.5.3 Power/Sleep LED Connector [Green] Pins 2 and 4 [Green] can be connected to a one- or two-color LED. Table 29 shows the possible states for a one-color LED. Table 30 shows the possible states for a two-color LED. Table 29. States for a One-Color Power LED LED State Description Off Power off/sleeping Steady Green Running Table 30. States for a Two-Color Power LED LED State Description Off Power off Steady Green Running Steady Yellow Sleeping � NOTE The colors listed in Table 29 and Table 30 are suggested colors only. Actual LED colors are product- or customer-specific. 2.8.2.5.4 Power Switch Connector [Red] Pins 6 and 8 [Red] can be connected to a front panel momentary-contact power switch. The switch must pull the SW_ON# pin to ground for at least 50 ms to signal the power supply to switch on or off. (The time requirement is due to internal debounce circuitry on the board.) At least two seconds must pass before the power supply will recognize another on/off signal. 55 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 2.8.2.6 Front Panel USB Connectors Figure 19 is a connection diagram for the front panel USB connectors. INTEGRATOR’S NOTES # • The +5 V DC power on the USB connector is fused. • Pins 1, 3, 5, and 7 comprise one USB port. • Pins 2, 4, 6, and 8 comprise one USB port. • Use only a front panel USB connector that conforms to the USB 2.0 specification for high- speed USB devices. Power Power 1 2 (+5 V DC) (+5 V DC) D− 3 4 D− One One USB USB Port Port 5 6 D+ D+ 7 8 Ground Ground 10 Key (no pin) No Connect OM15963 Figure 19. Connection Diagram for Front Panel USB Connectors 2.8.2.7 Front Panel IEEE 1394a Connectors (Optional) Figure 20 is a connection diagram for the optional IEEE 1394a connectors. Ground 10 Key (no pin) +12 V DC +12 V DC 8 7 TPB− 6 5 TPB 4 3 Ground Ground 2 1 TPA− TPA+ OM17834 Figure 20. Connection Diagram for IEEE 1394a Connectors INTEGRATOR’S NOTES # • The IEEE 1394a connectors are colored blue. • The +12 V DC power on the IEEE 1394a connectors is fused. • Each IEEE 1394a connector provides one IEEE 1394a port. 56 Technical Reference 2.9 Jumper Block CAUTION Do not move the jumper with the power on. Always turn off the power and unplug the power cord from the computer before changing a jumper setting. Otherwise, the board could be damaged. Figure 21 shows the location of the jumper block. The jumper block determines the BIOS Setup program’s mode. Table 31 describes the jumper settings for the three modes: normal, configure, and recovery. When the jumper is set to configure mode and the computer is powered-up, the BIOS compares the processor version and the microcode version in the BIOS and reports if the two match. 3 1 J7J3 OM17958 Figure 21. Location of the Jumper Block Table 31. BIOS Setup Configuration Jumper Settings Function/Mode Jumper Setting Configuration The BIOS uses current configuration information and 3 1 Normal 1-2 passwords for booting. After the POST runs, Setup runs automatically. The 3 1 Configure 2-3 maintenance menu is displayed. The BIOS attempts to recover the BIOS configuration. A Recovery None 3 1 recovery diskette is required. 57 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 2.10 Mechanical Considerations 2.10.1 Form Factor The board is designed to fit into an ATX-form-factor chassis. Figure 22 illustrates the mechanical form factor of the board. Dimensions are given in inches [millimeters]. The outer dimensions are 12.00 inches by 9.60 inches [304.80 millimeters by 243.84 millimeters]. Location of the I/O connectors and mounting holes are in compliance with the ATX specification. 1.800 [45.72] 6.500 [165.10] 6.100 [154.94] 5.200 [132.08] 0.00 2.850 [72.39] 3.100 [78.74] 6.450 [163.83] 6.200 5.550 0.00 [157.48] [140.97] 4.900 2.600 [124.46] [66.04] OM17959 Figure 22. Board Dimensions 58 Technical Reference 2.10.2 I/O Shield The back panel I/O shield for the board must meet specific dimension and material requirements. Systems based on this board need the back panel I/O shield to pass certification testing. Figure 23 shows the I/O shield. Dimensions are given in millimeters [inches]. The figures also indicate the position of each cutout. Additional design considerations for I/O shields relative to chassis requirements are described in the ATX specification. NOTE � The I/O shield drawings in this document are for reference only. I/O shields compliant with the ATX chassis specification 2.03 are available from Intel. 162.3 REF [6.390] 1.6 ± 0.12 [0.063 ± 0.005] 20 ± 0.254 TYP [0.787 ± 0.10] 159.2 ± 0.12 1.55 REF [0.061] [6.268 ± 0.005] 22.45 [0.884] 8x R 0.5 MIN 7.01 [0.276] Ø 1.00 [0.039] A A 0.00 11.81 [0.00] [0.465] 11.81 14.17 [0.465] [0.558] 12.04 [0.474] Pictorial View OM17960 Figure 23. I/O Shield Dimensions 59 0.00 [0.00] 8.81 [0.347] 20.28 [0.799] 26.91 [1.059] 93.74 [3.690] 113.63 [4.473] 146.88 [5.783] Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 2.11 Electrical Considerations 2.11.1 DC Loading Table 32 lists the DC loading characteristics of the boards. This data is based on a DC analysis of all active components within the board that impact its power delivery subsystems. The analysis does not include PCI add-in cards. Minimum values assume a light load placed on the board that is similar to an environment with no applications running and no USB current draw. Maximum values assume a load placed on the board that is similar to a heavy gaming environment with a 500 mA current draw per USB port. These calculations are not based on specific processor values or memory configurations but are based on the minimum and maximum current draw possible from the board’s power delivery subsystems to the processor, memory, and USB ports. Use the datasheets for add-in cards, such as PCI, to determine the overall system power requirements. The selection of a power supply at the system level is dependent on the system’s usage model and not necessarily tied to a particular processor speed. Table 32. DC Loading Characteristics DC Current at: Mode DC Power +3.3 V +5 V +12 V -12 V +5 VSB Minimum loading 275 W 3.5 A 12 A 17 A 0 A 0.34 A (S0) 1.00 A (S3) Maximum loading 500 W 16 A 23 A 29 A 0.20 A 0.34 A (S0) 1.10 A (S3) 2.11.2 Add-in Board Considerations The boards are designed to provide 2 A (average) of +5 V current for each add-in board. The total +5 V current draw for both boards is as follows: a fully loaded D945PSN board (all six expansion slots and the PCI Express x16 slot filled) must not exceed 14 A. 60 Technical Reference 2.11.3 Fan Connector Current Capability CAUTION The processor fan must be connected to the processor fan connector, not to a chassis fan connector. Connecting the processor fan to a chassis fan connector may result in onboard component damage that will halt fan operation. Table 33 lists the current capability of the fan connectors. Table 33. Fan Connector Current Capability Fan Connector Maximum Available Current Processor fan 3.0 A Front chassis fan 1.5 A Rear chassis fan 1.5 A Auxiliary fan (optional) 3.0 A 2.11.4 Power Supply Considerations CAUTION The +5 V standby line for the power supply must be capable of providing adequate +5 V standby current. Failure to do so can damage the power supply. The total amount of standby current required depends on the wake devices supported and manufacturing options. System integrators should refer to the power usage values listed in Table 32 when selecting a power supply for use with the board. Additional power required will depend on configurations chosen by the integrator. The power supply must comply with the following recommendations found in the indicated sections of the ATX form factor specification. • The potential relation between 3.3 VDC and +5 VDC power rails (Section 4.2) • The current capability of the +5 VSB line (Section 4.2.1.2) • All timing parameters (Section 4.2.1.3) • All voltage tolerances (Section 4.2.2) 61 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 2.12 Thermal Considerations CAUTION o A chassis with a maximum internal ambient temperature of 38 C at the processor fan inlet is a requirement. Use a processor heatsink that provides omni-directional airflow (similar to the type shown in Figure 24) to maintain required airflow across the processor voltage regulator area. OM16996 Figure 24. Processor Heatsink for Omni-directional Airflow CAUTION Failure to ensure appropriate airflow may result in reduced performance of both the processor and/or voltage regulator or, in some instances, damage to the board. For a list of chassis that have been tested with Intel desktop boards please refer to the following website: http://developer.intel.com/design/motherbd/cooling.htm All responsibility for determining the adequacy of any thermal or system design remains solely with the reader. Intel makes no warranties or representations that merely following the instructions presented in this document will result in a system with adequate thermal performance. CAUTION Ensure that the ambient temperature does not exceed the board’s maximum operating temperature. Failure to do so could cause components to exceed their maximum case temperature and malfunction. For information about the maximum operating temperature, see the environmental specifications in Section 2.14. 62 Technical Reference CAUTION Ensure that proper airflow is maintained in the processor voltage regulator circuit. Failure to do so may result in damage to the voltage regulator circuit. The processor voltage regulator area o (item A in Figure 25) can reach a temperature of up to 85 C in an open chassis. Figure 25 shows the locations of the localized high temperature zones. A B D C OM17961 Item Description A Processor voltage regulator area B Processor C Intel 82945P MCH D Intel 82801G ICH7 Figure 25. Localized High Temperature Zones 63 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification Table 34 provides maximum case temperatures for the components that are sensitive to thermal changes. The operating temperature, current load, or operating frequency could affect case temperatures. Maximum case temperatures are important when considering proper airflow to cool the board. Table 34. Thermal Considerations for Components Component Maximum Case Temperature Intel Pentium 4 processor For processor case temperature, see processor datasheets and processor specification updates o Intel 82945P MCH 103 C (under bias) o Intel 82801G ICH7 110 C (under bias, without heatsink) o 99 C (under bias, with heatsink) For information about Refer to Intel Pentium 4 processor datasheets and specification updates Section 1.2, page 15 2.13 Reliability The Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) prediction is calculated using component and subassembly random failure rates. The calculation is based on the Bellcore Reliability Prediction Procedure, TR-NWT-000332, Issue 4, September 1991. The MTBF prediction is used to estimate repair rates and spare parts requirements. The MTBF data is calculated from predicted data at 55 ºC. The MTBF for the D945PSN board is 108,165 hours. 64 Technical Reference 2.14 Environmental Table 35 lists the environmental specifications for the board. Table 35. Environmental Specifications Parameter Specification Temperature Non-Operating -40 °C to +70 °C Operating 0 °C to +55 °C Shock Unpackaged 50 g trapezoidal waveform Velocity change of 170 inches/second Packaged Half sine 2 millisecond Product Weight (pounds) Free Fall (inches) Velocity Change (inches/sec) <20 36 167 21-40 30 152 41-80 24 136 81-100 18 118 Vibration Unpackaged 5 Hz to 20 Hz: 0.01 g² Hz sloping up to 0.02 g² Hz 20 Hz to 500 Hz: 0.02 g² Hz (flat) Packaged 5 Hz to 40 Hz: 0.015 g² Hz (flat) 40 Hz to 500 Hz: 0.015 g² Hz sloping down to 0.00015 g² Hz 65 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 2.15 Regulatory Compliance This section describes the Desktop Boards’ compliance with U.S. and international safety and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations. 2.15.1 Safety Regulations Table 36 lists the safety regulations that the Desktop Board D945PSN complies with when correctly installed in a compatible host system. Table 36. Safety Regulations Regulation Title UL 60950-1:2003/ Information Technology Equipment - Safety - Part 1: General Requirements (USA and Canada) CSA C22.2 No. 60950-1-03 EN 60950-1:2002 Information Technology Equipment - Safety - Part 1: General Requirements (European Union) IEC 60950-1:2001, First Edition Information Technology Equipment - Safety - Part 1: General Requirements (International) 2.15.2 EMC Regulations Table 37 lists the EMC regulations the Desktop Board D945PSN complies with when correctly installed in a compatible host system. Table 37. EMC Regulations Regulation Title FCC (Class B) Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 2 and 15, Subpart B, Radio Frequency Devices. (USA) ICES-003 (Class B) Interference-Causing Equipment Standard, Digital Apparatus. (Canada) EN55022: 1998 (Class B) Limits and methods of measurement of Radio Interference Characteristics of Information Technology Equipment. (European Union) EN55024: 1998 Information Technology Equipment – Immunity Characteristics Limits and methods of measurement. (European Union) AS/NZS CISPR 22 (Class B) Australian Communications Authority, Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility. (Australia and New Zealand) rd CISPR 22, 3 Edition (Class B) Limits and methods of measurement of Radio Disturbance Characteristics of Information Technology Equipment. (International) CISPR 24: 1997 Information Technology Equipment – Immunity Characteristics – Limits and Methods of Measurements. (International) VCCI (Class B) Voluntary Control for Interference by Information Technology Equipment (Japan) 66 Technical Reference 2.15.2.1 FCC Compliance Statement (USA) Product Type: D945PSN Desktop Board This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: • Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. • Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. • Connect the equipment to a different electrical branch circuit from that to which the receiver is connected. • Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Any changes or modifications to the equipment not expressly approved by Intel Corporation could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. Tested to comply with FCC standards for home or office use. 2.15.2.2 Canadian Compliance Statement This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appereil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada. 2.15.3 European Union Declaration of Conformity Statement We, Intel Corporation, declare under our sole responsibility that the product: Intel Desktop Board D945PSN is in conformity with all applicable essential requirements necessary for CE marking, following the provisions of the European Council Directive 89/336/EEC (EMC Directive) and Council Directive 73/23/EEC (Safety/Low Voltage Directive). The product is properly CE marked demonstrating this conformity and is for distribution within all member states of the EU with no restrictions. This product follows the provisions of the European Directives 89/336/EEC and 73/23/EEC. Dansk Dette produkt er i overensstemmelse med det europæiske direktiv 89/336/EEC & 73/23/EEC. 67 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification Dutch Dit product is in navolging van de bepalingen van Europees Directief 89/336/EEC & 73/23/EEC. Suomi Tämä tuote noudattaa EU-direktiivin 89/336/EEC & 73/23/EEC määräyksiä. Français Ce produit est conforme aux exigences de la Directive Européenne 89/336/EEC & 73/23/EEC. Deutsch Dieses Produkt entspricht den Bestimmungen der Europäischen Richtlinie 89/336/EEC & 73/23/EEC. Icelandic Þessi vara stenst reglugerð Evrópska Efnahags Bandalagsins númer 89/336/ EEC & 73/23/EEC. Italiano Questo prodotto è conforme alla Direttiva Europea 89/336/EEC & 73/23/EEC. Norsk Dette produktet er i henhold til bestemmelsene i det europeiske direktivet 89/336/ EEC & 73/23/EEC. Portuguese Este produto cumpre com as normas da Diretiva Européia 89/336/EEC & 73/23/EEC. Español Este producto cumple con las normas del Directivo Europeo 89/336/EEC & 73/23/EEC. Svenska Denna produkt har tillverkats i enlighet med EG-direktiv 89/336/EEC & 73/23/EEC. 2.15.4 Recycling Considerations Intel encourages its customers to recycle its products and their components (e.g., batteries, circuit boards, plastic enclosures, etc.) whenever possible. In the U.S., a list of recyclers in your area can be found at: http://www.eiae.org/ In the absence of a viable recycling option, products and their components must be disposed of in accordance with all applicable local environmental regulations. 68 Technical Reference 2.15.5 Product Certification Markings (Board Level) Table 38 lists the board’s product certification markings. Table 38. Product Certification Markings Description Marking UL joint US/Canada Recognized Component mark. Includes adjacent UL file number for Intel Desktop Boards: E210882 (component side). FCC Declaration of Conformity logo mark for Class B equipment; includes Intel name and D945PSN model designation (component side). CE mark. Declares compliance to European Union (EU) EMC directive (89/336/EEC) and Low Voltage directive (73/23/EEC) (component side). The CE mark should also be on the shipping container. Australian Communications Authority (ACA) C-Tick mark. Includes adjacent Intel supplier code number, N-232. The C-tick mark should also be on the shipping container. Printed wiring board manufacturer’s recognition mark: consists of a V-0 or 94V-0 unique UL recognized manufacturer’s logo, along with a flammability rating (solder side). Lead – Free Certification 2ND LVL INTCT Pb o e1 Pb-free certification markings are per the JEDEC spec. 260 C Pb-free symbol - PB_FREE_SILK e1 symbol (specifies the composition of the solder paste) - E1_SILK ND 2 Level Interconnect (used until a board is considered Pb-free per the RoHS definition – This must follow the Pb-free symbol. It is abbreviated per spec) - 2ND_LVL_INTCT_SILK 260 °C (specifies maximum safe processing temperature) - 260C_SILK 69 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 70 3 Overview of BIOS Features What This Chapter Contains 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................71 3.2 BIOS Flash Memory Organization ...............................................................................72 3.3 Resource Configuration ...............................................................................................72 3.4 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) ........................................................................73 3.5 Legacy USB Support....................................................................................................73 3.6 BIOS Updates ..............................................................................................................74 3.7 Boot Options ................................................................................................................75 3.8 Adjusting Boot Speed...................................................................................................76 3.9 BIOS Security Features ...............................................................................................77 3.1 Introduction The boards use an Intel BIOS that is stored in the Serial Peripheral Interface Flash Memory (SPI Flash) and can be updated using a disk-based program. The SPI Flash contains the BIOS Setup program, POST, the PCI auto-configuration utility, and Plug and Play support. The BIOS displays a message during POST identifying the type of BIOS and a revision code. The initial production BIOSs are identified as SN94510J.86A. When the BIOS Setup configuration jumper is set to configure mode and the computer is powered- up, the BIOS compares the CPU version and the microcode version in the BIOS and reports if the two match. The BIOS Setup program can be used to view and change the BIOS settings for the computer. The BIOS Setup program is accessed by pressing the key after the Power-On Self-Test (POST) memory test begins and before the operating system boot begins. The menu bar is shown below. Maintenance Main Advanced Security Power Boot Exit NOTE � The maintenance menu is displayed only when the Desktop Board is in configure mode. Section 2.9 on page 57 shows how to put the Desktop Board in configure mode. 71 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification Table 39 lists the BIOS Setup program menu features. Table 39. BIOS Setup Program Menu Bar Maintenance Main Advanced Security Power Boot Exit Clears Displays Configures Sets Configures Selects boot Saves or passwords and processor advanced passwords power options discards displays and memory features and security management changes to processor configuration available features features and Setup information through the power supply program chipset controls options Table 40 lists the function keys available for menu screens. Table 40. BIOS Setup Program Function Keys BIOS Setup Program Function Key Description <←> or <→> Selects a different menu screen (Moves the cursor left or right) <↑> or <↓> Selects an item (Moves the cursor up or down) Selects a field (Not implemented) Executes command or selects the submenu Load the default configuration values for the current menu Save the current values and exits the BIOS Setup program Exits the menu 3.2 BIOS Flash Memory Organization The Serial Peripheral Interface Flash Memory (SPI Flash) includes a 4 Mbit (512 KB) flash memory device. 3.3 Resource Configuration 3.3.1 PCI Autoconfiguration The BIOS can automatically configure PCI devices. PCI devices may be onboard or add-in cards. Autoconfiguration lets a user insert or remove PCI cards without having to configure the system. When a user turns on the system after adding a PCI card, the BIOS automatically configures interrupts, the I/O space, and other system resources. Any interrupts set to Available in Setup are considered to be available for use by the add-in card. 3.3.2 PCI IDE Support If you select Auto in the BIOS Setup program, the BIOS automatically sets up the PCI IDE connector with independent I/O channel support. The IDE interface supports hard drives up to ATA-66/100 and recognizes any ATAPI compliant devices, including CD-ROM drives, tape drives, and Ultra DMA drives. The interface also supports second-generation SATA drives. The BIOS determines the capabilities of each drive and configures them to optimize capacity and performance. To take advantage of the high capacities typically available today, hard drives are 72 Overview of BIOS Features automatically configured for Logical Block Addressing (LBA) and to PIO Mode 3 or 4, depending on the capability of the drive. You can override the auto-configuration options by specifying manual configuration in the BIOS Setup program. To use ATA-66/100 features the following items are required: • An ATA-66/100 peripheral device • An ATA-66/100 compatible cable • ATA-66/100 operating system device drivers NOTE � Do not connect an ATA device as a slave on the same IDE cable as an ATAPI master device. For example, do not connect an ATA hard drive as a slave to an ATAPI CD-ROM drive. 3.4 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) SMBIOS is a Desktop Management Interface (DMI) compliant method for managing computers in a managed network. The main component of SMBIOS is the Management Information Format (MIF) database, which contains information about the computing system and its components. Using SMBIOS, a system administrator can obtain the system types, capabilities, operational status, and installation dates for system components. The MIF database defines the data and provides the method for accessing this information. The BIOS enables applications such as third-party management software to use SMBIOS. The BIOS stores and reports the following SMBIOS information: • BIOS data, such as the BIOS revision level • Fixed-system data, such as peripherals, serial numbers, and asset tags • Resource data, such as memory size, cache size, and processor speed • Dynamic data, such as event detection and error logging Non-Plug and Play operating systems, such as Windows NT*, require an additional interface for obtaining the SMBIOS information. The BIOS supports an SMBIOS table interface for such operating systems. Using this support, an SMBIOS service-level application running on a non-Plug and Play operating system can obtain the SMBIOS information. 3.5 Legacy USB Support Legacy USB support enables USB devices to be used even when the operating system’s USB drivers are not yet available. Legacy USB support is used to access the BIOS Setup program, and to install an operating system that supports USB. Legacy USB support operates as follows: 1. When you apply power to the computer, legacy support is disabled. 2. POST begins. 3. Legacy USB support is enabled by the BIOS allowing you to use a USB keyboard to enter and configure the BIOS Setup program and the maintenance menu. 4. POST completes. 73 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 5. The operating system loads. While the operating system is loading, USB keyboards and mice are recognized and may be used to configure the operating system. 6. After the operating system loads the USB drivers, all legacy and non-legacy USB devices are recognized by the operating system, and Legacy USB support from the BIOS is no longer used. To install an operating system that supports USB, follow the operating system’s installation instructions. 3.6 BIOS Updates The BIOS can be updated using either of the following utilities, which are available on the Intel World Wide Web site: ® • Intel Express BIOS Update utility, which enables automated updating while in the Windows environment. Using this utility, the BIOS can be updated from a file on a hard disk, a 1.44 MB diskette, or a CD-ROM, or from the file location on the Web. ® • Intel Flash Memory Update Utility, which requires creation of a boot diskette and manual rebooting of the system. Using this utility, the BIOS can be updated from a file on a 1.44 MB diskette (from a legacy diskette drive or an LS-120 diskette drive) or a CD-ROM. Both utilities verify that the updated BIOS matches the target system to prevent accidentally installing an incompatible BIOS. NOTE � Review the instructions distributed with the upgrade utility before attempting a BIOS update. For information about Refer to The Intel World Wide Web site Section 1.2, page 15 3.6.1 Language Support The BIOS Setup program and help messages are supported in US English. Additional languages are available in the Integrator’s Toolkit utility. Check the Intel website for details. 3.6.2 Custom Splash Screen ® During POST, an Intel splash screen is displayed by default. This splash screen can be augmented with a custom splash screen. The Integrator’s Toolkit that is available from Intel can be used to create a custom splash screen. NOTE � If you add a custom splash screen, it will share space with the Intel branded logo. For information about Refer to The Intel World Wide Web site Section 1.2, page 15 74 Overview of BIOS Features 3.7 Boot Options In the BIOS Setup program, the user can choose to boot from a diskette drive, hard drives, CD-ROM, or the network. The default setting is for the diskette drive to be the first boot device, the hard drive second, and the ATAPI CD-ROM third. The fourth device is disabled. 3.7.1 CD-ROM Boot Booting from CD-ROM is supported in compliance to the El Torito bootable CD-ROM format specification. Under the Boot menu in the BIOS Setup program, ATAPI CD-ROM is listed as a boot device. Boot devices are defined in priority order. Accordingly, if there is not a bootable CD in the CD-ROM drive, the system will attempt to boot from the next defined drive. 3.7.2 Network Boot The network can be selected as a boot device. This selection allows booting from the onboard LAN or a network add-in card with a remote boot ROM installed. Pressing the key during POST automatically forces booting from the LAN. To use this key during POST, the User Access Level in the BIOS Setup program's Security menu must be set to Full. 3.7.3 Booting Without Attached Devices For use in embedded applications, the BIOS has been designed so that after passing the POST, the operating system loader is invoked even if the following devices are not present: • Video adapter • Keyboard • Mouse 3.7.4 Changing the Default Boot Device During POST Pressing the key during POST causes a boot device menu to be displayed. This menu displays the list of available boot devices (as set in the BIOS setup program’s Boot Device Priority Submenu). Table 41 lists the boot device menu options. Table 41. Boot Device Menu Options Boot Device Menu Function Keys Description <↑> or <↓> Selects a default boot device Exits the menu, saves changes, and boots from the selected device Exits the menu without saving changes 75 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 3.8 Adjusting Boot Speed These factors affect system boot speed: • Selecting and configuring peripherals properly • Optimized BIOS boot parameters 3.8.1 Peripheral Selection and Configuration The following techniques help improve system boot speed: • Choose a hard drive with parameters such as “power-up to data ready” less than eight seconds, that minimize hard drive startup delays. • Select a CD-ROM drive with a fast initialization rate. This rate can influence POST execution time. • Eliminate unnecessary add-in adapter features, such as logo displays, screen repaints, or mode changes in POST. These features may add time to the boot process. • Try different monitors. Some monitors initialize and communicate with the BIOS more quickly, which enables the system to boot more quickly. 3.8.2 BIOS Boot Optimizations Use of the following BIOS Setup program settings reduces the POST execution time. In the Boot Menu: • Set the hard disk drive as the first boot device. As a result, the POST does not first seek a diskette drive, which saves about one second from the POST execution time. • Disable Quiet Boot, which eliminates display of the logo splash screen. This could save several seconds of painting complex graphic images and changing video modes. In the Peripheral Configuration submenu, disable the LAN device if it will not be used. This can reduce up to four seconds of option ROM boot time. NOTE � It is possible to optimize the boot process to the point where the system boots so quickly that the Intel logo screen (or a custom logo splash screen) will not be seen. Monitors and hard disk drives with minimum initialization times can also contribute to a boot time that might be so fast that necessary logo screens and POST messages cannot be seen. This boot time may be so fast that some drives might be not be initialized at all. If this condition should occur, it is possible to introduce a programmable delay ranging from three to 30 seconds (using the Hard Disk Pre-Delay feature of the Advanced Menu in the Drive Configuration Submenu of the BIOS Setup program). 76 Overview of BIOS Features 3.9 BIOS Security Features The BIOS includes security features that restrict access to the BIOS Setup program and who can boot the computer. A supervisor password and a user password can be set for the BIOS Setup program and for booting the computer, with the following restrictions: • The supervisor password gives unrestricted access to view and change all the Setup options in the BIOS Setup program. This is the supervisor mode. • The user password gives restricted access to view and change Setup options in the BIOS Setup program. This is the user mode. • If only the supervisor password is set, pressing the key at the password prompt of the BIOS Setup program allows the user restricted access to Setup. • If both the supervisor and user passwords are set, users can enter either the supervisor password or the user password to access Setup. Users have access to Setup respective to which password is entered. • Setting the user password restricts who can boot the computer. The password prompt will be displayed before the computer is booted. If only the supervisor password is set, the computer boots without asking for a password. If both passwords are set, the user can enter either password to boot the computer. • For enhanced security, use different passwords for the supervisor and user passwords. • Valid password characters are A-Z, a-z, and 0-9. Passwords may be up to 16 characters in length. Table 42 shows the effects of setting the supervisor password and user password. This table is for reference only and is not displayed on the screen. Table 42. Supervisor and User Password Functions Supervisor Password to Password Password Set Mode User Mode Setup Options Enter Setup During Boot Neither Can change all Can change all None None None (Note) (Note) options options Supervisor Can change all Can change a Supervisor Password Supervisor None only options limited number of options User only N/A Can change all Enter Password User User options Clear User Password Supervisor Can change all Can change a Supervisor Password Supervisor or Supervisor or and user set options limited number Enter Password user user of options Note: If no password is set, any user can change all Setup options. 77 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 78 4 Error Messages and Beep Codes What This Chapter Contains 4.1 Speaker .......................................................................................................................79 4.2 BIOS Beep Codes........................................................................................................79 4.3 BIOS Error Messages ..................................................................................................79 4.4 Port 80h POST Codes .................................................................................................80 4.1 Speaker The board-mounted speaker provides audible error code (beep code) information during POST. For information about Refer to The location of the onboard speaker Figure 1, page 12 4.2 BIOS Beep Codes Whenever a recoverable error occurs during POST, the BIOS displays an error message describing the problem (see Table 43). Table 43. Beep Codes Type Pattern Frequency Memory error Three long beeps 1280 Hz Thermal warning Four alternating beeps: High tone: 2000 Hz High tone, low tone, high tone, low tone Low tone: 1600 Hz 4.3 BIOS Error Messages Table 44 lists the error messages and provides a brief description of each. Table 44. BIOS Error Messages Error Message Explanation CMOS Battery Low The battery may be losing power. Replace the battery soon. CMOS Checksum Bad The CMOS checksum is incorrect. CMOS memory may have been corrupted. Run Setup to reset values. Memory Size Decreased Memory size has decreased since the last boot. If no memory was removed then memory may be bad. No Boot Device Available System did not find a device to boot. 79 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification 4.4 Port 80h POST Codes During the POST, the BIOS generates diagnostic progress codes (POST-codes) to I/O port 80h. If the POST fails, execution stops and the last POST code generated is left at port 80h. This code is useful for determining the point where an error occurred. Displaying the POST-codes requires a PCI bus add-in card, often called a POST card. The POST card can decode the port and display the contents on a medium such as a seven-segment display. NOTE � The POST card must be installed in PCI bus connector 1. The following tables provide information about the POST codes generated by the BIOS: • Table 45 lists the Port 80h POST code ranges • Table 46 lists the Port 80h POST codes themselves • Table 47 lists the Port 80h POST sequence NOTE � In the tables listed above, all POST codes and range values are listed in hexadecimal. Table 45. Port 80h POST Code Ranges Range Category/Subsystem 00 – 0F Debug codes: Can be used by any PEIM/driver for debug. 10 – 1F Host Processors: 1F is an unrecoverable CPU error. 20 – 2F Memory/Chipset: 2F is no memory detected or no useful memory detected. 30 – 3F Recovery: 3F indicated recovery failure. 40 – 4F Reserved for future use. 50 – 5F I/O Busses: PCI, USB, ISA, ATA, etc. 5F is an unrecoverable error. Start with PCI. 60 – 6F Reserved for future use (for new busses). 70 – 7F Output Devices: All output consoles. 7F is an unrecoverable error. 80 – 8F Reserved for future use (new output console codes). 90 – 9F Input devices: Keyboard/Mouse. 9F is an unrecoverable error. A0 – AF Reserved for future use (new input console codes). B0 – BF Boot Devices: Includes fixed media and removable media. BF is an unrecoverable error. C0 – CF Reserved for future use. D0 – DF Boot device selection. E0 – FF F0 – FF: FF processor exception. E0 – EE: Miscellaneous codes. See Table 46. EF boot/S3: resume failure. 80 Error Messages and Beep Codes Table 46. Port 80h POST Codes POST Code Description of POST Operation Host Processor 10 Power-on initialization of the host processor (Boot Strap Processor) 11 Host processor Cache initialization (including APs) 12 Starting Application processor initialization 13 SMM initialization Chipset 21 Initializing a chipset component Memory 22 Reading SPD from memory DIMMs 23 Detecting presence of memory DIMMs 24 Programming timing parameters in the memory controller and the DIMMs 25 Configuring memory 26 Optimizing memory settings 27 Initializing memory, such as ECC init 28 Testing memory PCI Bus 50 Enumerating PCI busses 51 Allocating resources to PCI bus 52 Hot Plug PCI controller initialization 53 – 57 Reserved for PCI Bus USB 58 Resetting USB bus 59 Reserved for USB ATA/ATAPI/SATA 5A Resetting PATA/SATA bus and all devices 5B Reserved for ATA SMBus 5C Resetting SMBUS 5D Reserved for SMBUS Local Console 70 Resetting the VGA controller 71 Disabling the VGA controller 72 Enabling the VGA controller Remote Console 78 Resetting the console controller 79 Disabling the console controller 7A Enabling the console controller continued 81 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification Table 46. Port 80h POST Codes (continued) POST Code Description of POST Operation Keyboard (PS2 or USB) 90 Resetting keyboard 91 Disabling keyboard 92 Detecting presence of keyboard 93 Enabling keyboard 94 Clearing keyboard input buffer 95 Instructing keyboard controller to run Self Test (PS2 only) Mouse (PS2 or USB) 98 Resetting mouse 99 Disabling mouse 9A Detecting presence of mouse 9B Enabling mouse Fixed Media B0 Resetting fixed media B1 Disabling fixed media B2 Detecting presence of a fixed media (IDE hard drive detection etc.) B3 Enabling/configuring a fixed media Removable media B8 Resetting removable media B9 Disabling removable media BA Detecting presence of a removable media (IDE, CD-ROM detection, etc.) BC Enabling/configuring a removable media BDS Dy Trying boot selection y (y=0 to 15) PEI Core E0 Started dispatching PEIMs (emitted on first report of EFI_SW_PC_INIT_BEGIN EFI_SW_PEI_PC_HANDOFF_TO_NEXT E2 Permanent memory found. E1, E3 Reserved for PEI/PEIMs DXE Core E4 Entered DXE phase E5 Started dispatching drivers E6 Started connecting drivers continued 82 Error Messages and Beep Codes Table 46. Port 80h POST Codes (continued) POST Code Description of POST Operation DXE Drivers E7 Waiting for user input E8 Checking password E9 Entering BIOS setup EA TBD – Flash Update EB Calling Legacy Option ROMs EE TBD – Calling INT 19. One beep unless silent boot is enabled. EF TBD – Unrecoverable Boot failure/S3 resume failure Runtime Phase/EFI OS Boot F4 Entering Sleep state F5 Exiting Sleep state F8 EFI boot service ExitBootServices ( ) has been called F9 EFI runtime service SetVirtualAddressMap ( ) has been called FA EFI runtime service ResetSystem ( ) has been called PEIMs/Recovery 30 Crisis Recovery has initiated per User request 31 Crisis Recovery has initiated by software (corrupt flash) 34 Loading recovery capsule 35 Handing off control to the recovery capsule 3F Unable to recover 83 Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification Table 47. Typical Port 80h POST Sequence POST Code Description 21 Initializing a chipset component 22 Reading SPD from memory DIMMs 23 Detecting presence of memory DIMMs 25 Configuring memory 28 Testing memory 34 Loading recovery capsule E4 Entered DXE phase 12 Starting Application processor initialization 13 SMM initialization 50 Enumerating PCI busses 51 Allocating resourced to PCI bus 92 Detecting the presence of the keyboard 90 Resetting keyboard 94 Clearing keyboard input buffer 95 Keyboard Self Test EB Calling Video BIOS 58 Resetting USB bus 5A Resetting PATA/SATA bus and all devices 92 Detecting the presence of the keyboard 90 Resetting keyboard 94 Clearing keyboard input buffer 5A Resetting PATA/SATA bus and all devices 28 Testing memory 90 Resetting keyboard 94 Clearing keyboard input buffer E7 Waiting for user input 01 INT 19 00 Ready to boot 84