POWER GENERAL HDQ1-100 Series SINGLE OUTPUT DC-DC CONVERTERS — 25A Output at 3.3V, 2.5V or 1.8V, 20A Output at 5V — Features • 36-75 VDC Input (48V, Nominal) • 90% Efficiency (Typ.) • Adjustable Output Voltage • Remote On/Off Control • Remote Sense • Fixed, 375 kHz Operating Frequency • Over-Voltage/Short-Circuit Protection • Thermal Protection • 1500V I/O Isolation • Aluminum Base Plate • International Safety Approvals • Quarter-Brick Package only 0.4” High Absolute Maximum Ratings Characteristic Description Min. Max. Unit Stress in excess of absolute maximum T Operating Case Temperature -40 +115 °C ratings may cause permanent damage. C Absolute maximum ratings, sometimes T Storage Temperature -40 +125 °C S referred to as no destruction limits, are normally tested with one parameter at a V Input Voltage -0.5 +80 V IN time exceeding the limits of output data V Isolation Voltage (Input-to-Output Test Voltage) 1500 — V ISO or electrical characteristics. Isolation Voltage (Input-to-Case) 750 — V If exposed to stress above these limits, Isolation Voltage (Output-to-Case) 750 — V function and performance may degrade in an unspecified manner. V Remote Control Voltage — 75 V RC 2 2 I t Inrush Transient — 1.0 A s V Maximum Trim Pin Input Voltage — 6.0 V TRIM Input Ratings T < T C C(MAX) Characteristic Description Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit V Input Voltage Range 36 — 75 V IN V Turn-Off Input Voltage Moving from higher voltage 31 33 — V IN(OFF) V Turn-On Input Voltage Moving from lower voltage — 33 35 V IN(ON) C Input Capacitance — 1.0 — µF IN i Reflected Ripple Current 5 Hz to 20 MHz — 10 — mA INRipple pp I Maximum Input Current V = 5.0V, V = 36 to 75V, P = 100W — — 3.50 A IN(MAX) OUT IN OUT V = 3.3V, V = 36 to 75V, P = 82.5W — — 2.63 A OUT IN OUT V = 2.5V, V = 36 to 75V, P = 62.5W — — 2.19 A OUT IN OUT V = 1.8V, V = 36 to 75V, P = 45W — — 1.57 A OUT IN OUT P Idling Input Power I = 0 — 2.6 4.6 W IDLE OUT P Standby Input Power* V = 48V, Remote Control = OFF — 0.4 0.6 W RC(OFF) I POWER GENERAL A Division of Nidec America Corporation 152 Will Drive · Canton, MA 02021 USA· Phone 781-828-6216 · Fax 781-830-1155 · email power@nidec.com · http://www.nidec.com Improved Thermal Performance POWER GENERAL HDQ1-100 Series HDQ1-100-5R0D Output Characteristics T = -40 to +115°C, V = 36 to 75 V, unless otherwise specified. C IN Characteristic and Description Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit V Initial Setting and Accuracy T = +85°C, V = 48V, I = 20A 4.97 5.00 5.03 V OUT(0) C IN OUT V Ouput Adjustment Range I = 0 to 20A 4.33 — 5.29 V OUTAdj OUT V Ouput Tolerance Band I = 0 to 20A 4.95 — 5.05 V OUTtol OUT V Line Regulation I = 20A — 1.0 10 mV LineReg OUT V Load Regulation V = 48V, I = 0 to 20A — 1.0 10 mV LoadReg IN OUT t V Transient Recovery Time Load step = 5A, di/dt = 1.0A/2.0 µs (Notes 1, 2)— 50 60 µs tr OUT V V Load Transient Deviation Load step = 5A, di/dt = 1.0A/2.0 µs (Note 1) — 100 — mV tr OUT pk t Start-up/Turn-on Time From V connection to V = 5.0V — 5.0 10 ms Start IN OUT or from remote ON to V = 5.0V — 5.0 10 ms OUT I Output Current 0 — 20 A OUT P Total Output Power 0 — 100 W OUT I Current-Limit Threshold T < +115°C 22 25 27 A LIMIT C I Short-Circuit Current — 25 29 A SC V Output Ripple and Noise I = 20A, f = 0 to 20 MHz (Note 1) — 100 125 mV Ripple OUT pp V Input Ripple Rejection f < 1.0 kHz (Note 1) -53 — — dB inREJ OVP V Over-Voltage Protection V = 48V 6.4 6.5 6.6 V OUT IN t Over-Voltage Latch Delay — 50 — ms OVP(latch) Note 1: Measured with 200 µF low-ESR (Ta) capacitor connected from +V to -V OUT OUT Note 2: To within 1 percent of initial V . OUT Device Characteristics Characteristic and Description Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit η Efficiency T = +35°C, V = 48V, P = 100W — 89 — % C IN OUT T = +35°C, V = 36V, P = 100W — 89 — % C IN OUT T = +35°C, V = 75V, P = 100W — 90 — % C IN OUT P Power Dissipation V = 48V, P = 100W — 12 — W D IN OUT f Switching Frequency P = 10 to 100W 365 375 385 kHz 0 OUT —2— POWER GENERAL HDQ1-100 Series HDQ1-100-5R0D EFFICIENCY OUTPUT VOLTAGE AS A FUNCTION OF OUTPUT CURRENT AS A FUNCTION OF OUTPUT CURRENT Duration of operation in the shaded portion of this graph is limited to 25 ms. After 25 ms, the converter enters hiccup mode current limiting. POWER LOSS OUTPUT CURRENT DE-RATING AS A FUNCTION OF OUTPUT CURRENT 48V INPUT, NO HEAT SINK Vertically oriented mounting, and use of sub- stantial power and ground planes, can elevate these ratings by as much as 2A. —3— POWER GENERAL HDQ1-100 Series HDQ1-100-3R3D Output Characteristics T = -40 to +115°C, V = 36 to 75 V, unless otherwise specified. C IN Characteristic and Description Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit V Initial Setting and Accuracy T = +85°C, V = 48V, I = 25A 3.25 3.30 3.35 V OUT(0) C IN OUT V Ouput Adjustment Range I = 0 to 25A 3.05 — 3.47 V OUTAdj OUT V Ouput Tolerance Band I = 0 to 25A 3.20 — 3.40 V OUTtol OUT V Line Regulation I = 25A — 1.0 10 mV LineReg OUT V Load Regulation V = 48V, I = 0 to 25A — 1.0 10 mV LoadReg IN OUT t V Transient Recovery Time Load step = 5A, di/dt = 1.0A/2.0 µs (Notes 1, 2)— 50 60 µs tr OUT V V Load Transient Deviation Load step = 5A, di/dt = 1.0A/2.0 µs (Note 1) — 100 — mV tr OUT pk t Start-up/Turn-on Time From V connection to V = 3.3V — 5.0 10 ms Start IN OUT or from remote ON to V = 3.3V — 5.0 10 ms OUT I Output Current 0 — 25 A OUT P Total Output Power 0 — 82.5 W OUT I Current-Limit Threshold T < +115°C 27 30 32 A LIMIT C I Short-Circuit Current — 30 34 A SC V Output Ripple and Noise I = 25A, f = 0 to 20 MHz (Note 1) — 75 100 mV Ripple OUT pp V Input Ripple Rejection f < 1.0 kHz (Note 1) -53 — — dB inREJ OVP V Over-Voltage Protection V = 48V 4.1 4.3 4.5 V OUT IN t Over-Voltage Latch Delay — 50 — ms OVP(latch) Note 1: Measured with 200 µF low-ESR (Ta) capacitor connected from +V to -V OUT OUT Note 2: To within 1 percent of initial V . OUT Device Characteristics Characteristic and Description Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit η Efficiency T = +35°C, V = 48V, P = 66W — 88 — % C IN OUT T = +35°C, V = 36V, P = 66W — 89 — % C IN OUT T = +35°C, V = 75V, P = 66W — 86 — % C IN OUT P Power Dissipation V = 48V, P = 66W — 9.3 — W D IN OUT f Switching Frequency P = 6.6 to 66W 365 375 385 kHz 0 OUT —4— POWER GENERAL HDQ1-100 Series HDQ1-100-3R3D EFFICIENCY OUTPUT VOLTAGE AS A FUNCTION OF OUTPUT CURRENT AS A FUNCTION OF OUTPUT CURRENT Duration of operation in the shaded portion of this graph is limited to 25 ms. After 25 ms, the converter enters hiccup mode current limiting. POWER LOSS OUTPUT CURRENT DE-RATING AS A FUNCTION OF OUTPUT CURRENT 48V INPUT, NO HEAT SINK Vertically oriented mounting, and use of sub- stantial power and ground planes, can elevate these ratings by as much as 2A. —5— POWER GENERAL HDQ1-100 Series HDQ1-100-2R5D Output Characteristics T = -40 to +115°C, V = 36 to 75 V, unless otherwise specified. C IN Characteristic and Description Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit V Initial Setting and Accuracy T = +85°C, V = 48V, I = 25A 2.475 2.50 2.525 V OUT(0) C IN OUT V Ouput Adjustment Range I = 0 to 25A 2.33 — 2.70 V OUTAdj OUT V Ouput Tolerance Band I = 0 to 25A 2.47 — 2.53 V OUTtol OUT V Line Regulation I = 25A — 1.0 10 mV LineReg OUT V Load Regulation V = 48V, I = 0 to 25A — 1.0 10 mV LoadReg IN OUT t V Transient Recovery Time Load step = 5A, di/dt = 1.0A/2.0 µs (Notes 1, 2)— 375 400 µs tr OUT V V Load Transient Deviation Load step = 5A, di/dt = 1.0A/2.0 µs (Note 1) — 300 — mV tr OUT pk t Start-up/Turn-on Time From V connection to V = 2.5V — 10 15 ms Start IN OUT or from remote ON to V = 2.5V — 10 15 ms OUT I Output Current 0 — 25 A OUT P Total Output Power 0 — 62.5 W OUT I Current-Limit Threshold T < +115°C 27 30 32 A LIMIT C I Short-Circuit Current — 30 34 A SC V Output Ripple and Noise I = 25A, f = 0 to 20 MHz (Note 1) — 60 75 mV Ripple OUT pp V Input Ripple Rejection f < 1.0 kHz (Note 1) -53 — — dB inREJ OVP V Over-Voltage Protection V = 48V 3.12 3.25 3.38 V OUT IN t Over-Voltage Latch Delay — 50 — ms OVP(latch) Note 1: Measured with 200 µF low-ESR (Ta) capacitor connected from +V to -V OUT OUT Note 2: To within 1 percent of initial V . OUT Device Characteristics Characteristic and Description Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit η Efficiency T = +35°C, V = 48V, P = 50W — 86 — % C IN OUT T = +35°C, V = 36V, P = 50W — 86 — % C IN OUT T = +35°C, V = 75V, P = 50W — 82 — % C IN OUT P Power Dissipation V = 48V, P = 50W — 8.2 — W D IN OUT f Switching Frequency P = 5.0 to 50W 365 375 385 kHz 0 OUT —6— POWER GENERAL HDQ1-100 Series HDQ1-100-2R5D EFFICIENCY OUTPUT VOLTAGE AS A FUNCTION OF OUTPUT CURRENT AS A FUNCTION OF OUTPUT CURRENT Duration of operation in the shaded portion of this graph is limited to 25 ms. After 25 ms, the converter enters hiccup mode current limiting. POWER LOSS OUTPUT CURRENT DE-RATING AS A FUNCTION OF OUTPUT CURRENT 48V INPUT, NO HEAT SINK Vertically oriented mounting, and use of sub- stantial power and ground planes, can elevate these ratings by as much as 2A. —7— POWER GENERAL HDQ1-100 Series HDQ1-100-1R8D Output Characteristics T = -40 to +115°C, V = 36 to 75 V, unless otherwise specified. C IN Characteristic and Description Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit V Initial Setting and Accuracy T = +85°C, V = 48V, I = 25A 1.78 1.80 1.82 V OUT(0) C IN OUT V Ouput Adjustment Range I = 0 to 25A 1.76 — 1.90 V OUTAdj OUT V Ouput Tolerance Band I = 0 to 25A 1.76 — 1.84 V OUTtol OUT V Line Regulation I = 25A — 1.0 10 mV LineReg OUT V Load Regulation V = 48V, I = 0 to 25A — 1.0 10 mV LoadReg IN OUT t V Transient Recovery Time Load step = 5A, di/dt = 1.0A/2.0 µs (Notes 1, 2)— 600 650 µs tr OUT V V Load Transient Deviation Load step = 5A, di/dt = 1.0A/2.0 µs (Note 1) — 300 — mV tr OUT pk t Start-up/Turn-on Time From V connection to V = 1.8V — 10 15 ms Start IN OUT or from remote ON to V = 1.8V — 10 15 ms OUT I Output Current 0 — 25 A OUT P Total Output Power 0 — 45 W OUT I Current-Limit Threshold T < +115°C 27 30 32 A LIMIT C I Short-Circuit Current — 30 34 A SC V Output Ripple and Noise I = 25A, f = 0 to 20 MHz (Note 1) — 50 65 mV Ripple OUT pp V Input Ripple Rejection f < 1.0 kHz (Note 1) -53 — — dB inREJ OVP V Over-Voltage Protection V = 48V 2.25 2.35 2.43 V OUT IN t Over-Voltage Latch Delay — 50 — ms OVP(latch) Note 1: Measured with 200 µF low-ESR (Ta) capacitor connected from +V to -V OUT OUT Note 2: To within 1 percent of initial V . OUT Device Characteristics Characteristic and Description Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit η Efficiency T = +35°C, V = 48V, P = 36W — 84 — % C IN OUT T = +35°C, V = 36V, P = 36W — 83 — % C IN OUT T = +35°C, V = 75V, P = 36W — 82 — % C IN OUT P Power Dissipation V = 48V, P = 36W — 7.1 — W D IN OUT f Switching Frequency P = 3.6 to 36W 365 375 385 kHz 0 OUT —8— POWER GENERAL HDQ1-100 Series HDQ1-100-1R8D EFFICIENCY OUTPUT VOLTAGE AS A FUNCTION OF OUTPUT CURRENT AS A FUNCTION OF OUTPUT CURRENT Duration of operation in the shaded portion of this graph is limited to 25 ms. After 25 ms, the converter enters hiccup mode current limiting. POWER LOSS OUTPUT CURRENT DE-RATING AS A FUNCTION OF OUTPUT CURRENT 48V INPUT, NO HEAT SINK Vertically oriented mounting, and use of sub- stantial power and ground planes, can elevate these ratings by as much as 2A. —9— POWER GENERAL HDQ1-100 Series Mechanical Outline and Pin-Out 2.28 MOUNTING INSERTS M3 X 0.5 THROUGH (4 PLACES) 1.45 0.16 MIN 0.40 0.025 0.062 DIA (2 PLACES) 1.860 0.21 0.21 0.150 0.43 0.14 0.300 3 4 5 0.450 2 6 1.030 7 1 8 0.600 0.040 DIA 0.040 DIA (3 PLACES) 2.000 (3 PLACES) Note: Pin Function Diameter* 1. Dimensions are in inches. 1 +VIN 0.040 in. 2. Tolerances: 0.00 = ±0.02 2 On/Off 0.040 in. 0.000 = ±0.010 3 -VIN 0.040 in. 3. Unit weight is 45g (1.6oz.). 4 -VOUT 0.060 in. 4. Pins 2, 5, 6, and 7 are brass, plated 5 -Sense 0.040 in. with tin/lead over nickel. 6 Trim 0.040 in. 5. Pins 1, 3, 4, and 8 are brass, plated 7 +Sense 0.040 in. with tin/lead over copper. 8+VOUT 0.060 in. * Tolerance = ±0.002 —10— POWER GENERAL HDQ1-100 Series ALLOWABLE POWER DISSIPATION THERMAL RESISTANCE NO HEAT SINK CASE-TO-AMBIENT, NO HEAT SINK HDQ series dc-dc converters include a robust thermal determine thermal performance without a heat sink. design that allows operation at baseplate temperatures Case temperature is calculated by this formula: (T ) of up to +115°C. The main cooling mechanism is C T = T + (P Θ ), ✕ convection (free or forced air) over the case or through C A D CA an optional heat sink. Graphs on the preceding pages with P = P (1/η - 1) D OUT show output current limits for the converters that Where: restrict case temperature to the baseplate maximum rating. Note that the ambient temperature is the air T = Case Temperature (°C) C temperature adjacent to the converter, which is typical- T = Air Temperature Adjacent to the Converter (°C) A ly higher than room air temperature. P = Dissipated Power (W) D Θ = Thermal Resistance from T to T (°C/W) CA C A The thermal resistance plot of Θ , in conjunction with CA the other graphs, can be used to estimate case tem- The efficiency ratings, η, can be found in tables and peratures and maximum output for specific system graphs on other pages. operating conditions. The thermal data can be used to —11— POWER GENERAL HDQ1-100 Series Environmental Characteristics Characteristic Test Method Specification Conditions Random Vibration IEC 68-2-34 F Frequency 10 to 500 Hz c 2 Spectral Density 0.025 g /Hz Duration 10 minutes, each direction Sinusoidal Vibration IEC 68-2-6 F Frequency 10 to 500 Hz c Amplitude 0.75 mm Acceleration 10 g Number of Cycles 10, each axis Shock (Half-Sine) IEC 68-2-27 E Peak Acceleration 100 g a Duration 3 ms Temperature Change IEC 68-2-14 N Temperature -40°C to +100°C a Number of Cycles 300 Accelerated Damp Heat IEC 68-2-3 C with Bias Temperature +85°C a Humidity 85% RH Duration 500 hours Solder Resistibility IEC 68-2-20 T (Method 1A) Solder Temperature +260°C b Duration 10 to 13 s Safety and Standards HDQ series dc-dc converters are designed in accordance is 1,500 VDC for 60 seconds. In production tests, the test with applicable requirements of EN60950, CAN/CSA-22.2 duration may be decreased to 1 second. I/O leakage current No. 60950-00, and UL60950 for the safety of information is less than 25 µA at 50 VDC. technology equipment. A fuse should be used at the input of each HDQ converter. The HDQ1-100 series is CUL approved to UL60950 (File If a fault occurs in the converter that imposes a short on the ¨ E140439), and has EN60950 approval (TUV file B 01 input source, this fuse will perform two functions: 1018781 078). The IEC60950 CB test report for the series (090-106681-000) is available as part of CB Test Certificate • Isolate the failed module from the input source so that the DE 3-51064. remainder of the system may continue operation. The converters’ isolation attribute is a basic insulation rating. • Protect the distribution wiring from overheating. HDQ converters should be installed in end equipment in compliance with the requirements of the ultimate application, A fast-blow fuse with a rating of 5A or less should be used. and are intended to be supplied by an isolated secondary Power General recommends use a fuse with the lowest cur- circuit. rent rating that is suitable for the application. When the supply to the dc-dc converter meets all require- Flammability ratings of plastic materials used in HDQ con- ments for SELV (<60 VDC), the output is considered to struction meet UL 94V-0 requirements. remain within SELV Level 3 limits. If the converter is con- nected to a 60 VDC or higher voltage power system, basic HDQ series converters are designed to enable communica- insulation must be provided in the power supply that isolates tions equipment manufacturers to meet reliability confor- the input from the mains. mance requirements of the Network Equipment Building Standards (NEBS). Single-fault testing in the power supply must be performed in combination with the dc-dc converter to demonstrate that the Consideration should be given to measuring the converter’s output meets requirements for SELV: One pole of the input case temperature to comply with T rating when in oper- C(MAX) and one pole of the output is to be grounded, or both are to ation. Good engineering practice in observation of that limit, be kept floating. The galvanic isolation is verified in an elec- including the use of auxiliary heat sinks or forced air cooling, tric strength test. The test voltage between input and output is entirely the responsibility of the user. —12— POWER GENERAL HDQ1-100 Series Operating Information Input Voltage Over-Voltage Protection The input voltage range of 36V to 75V meets requirements HDQ series dc-dc converters have latching output over-volt- for normal input ranges in -48V and -60V dc power systems. age protection. In the event of an over-voltage condition, the For most models, power loss is greater at input voltages ele- converter shuts down. Shut down is latched. Operation is vated above the converters’ nominal rating than at normal restored by an input power OFF/ON reset. input voltage. The absolute maximum continuous input volt- Turn-On/Turn-Off Input Voltage age is 75 VDC. HDQ converters monitor the input voltage and turn on and off at preset levels shown in the Input Characteristics table. Remote Sense HDQ series dc-dc converters have remote sense that can be Output Voltage Adjustment used to compensate for moderate amounts of resistance in HDQ series converters have an output voltage adjustment the distribution system and allow for voltage regulation at the (trim) pin that can be used to move the output voltage above load or another selected point. The remote sense lines carry or below the factory-set initial V . Trim resistance values OUT very little current, and do not need a large cross-sectional for upward and downward adjustment of output voltage can area; however, the sense lines on a PCB should be located be taken from graphs on the following page. close to a ground trace or ground plane. In a discrete wiring situation, the use of twisted pair wires or other technique for When increasing output voltage, the voltage at the output reducing noise susceptibility is recommended. The power pins (including any remote sensing offset) must be kept module will compensate for a voltage drop of up to 0.5V below the over-voltage trip point. At elevated output volt- between the sense voltage and the voltage at the power ages, the maximum power rating of the converter remains module output pins. The output voltage and the remote the same, so output current capability will decrease. sense voltage offset must be less than the minimum over- Over-Temperature Protection voltage trip point. HDQ dc-dc converters are protected from thermal overload by an internal over-temperature shutdown circuit. When the Current Limiting case temperature exceeds +115°C, the converter will shut Series HDQ dc-dc converters include current limiting circuitry down. Operation is restored automatically as case tempera- that allows them able to withstand continuous overloads or ture of the converter falls below +105°C. short-circuit conditions on the output. The output voltage will decrease toward zero for heavy overloads. The power con- Output Ripple and Noise verter will resume normal operation after removal of the Output ripple is measured as a peak-to-peak voltage from 0 overload. The load distribution system should be designed to to 20 MHz, and includes the noise voltage and fundamental carry the maximum short-circuit output current specified. ripple. It is measured directly at the output pins. Remote Control Input and Output Impedance The HDQ series offers a choice of remote ON/OFF control The impedance of both the power source and the load will logic: interact with the impedance of the dc-dc converter. It is important to have the LC ratio as low as possible (a low HDQ1-100 characteristic impedance) at the input and output of the con- Model Suffix V * Output RC verter, since the HDQ series has a low energy storage capa- bility. The converters are designed to be completely stable <=1.4V OFF 1 without the need for external capacitors on the input or out- >1.4V to V or open ON IN(MAX) put when configured with low-inductance input and output <=1.4V ON circuits. Performance in some applications, however, can be 2 >1.4V to V or open OFF IN(MAX) enhanced by the addition of external capacitance. If the dis- tribution line from the input voltage source to the HDQ con- * Reference = -V . IN verter contains significant inductance, the addition of a A mechanical device, or a semiconductor, such as an open- 220 µF to 470 µF capacitor across the input of the power collector transistor or open-drain FET, can be used to switch converter will help ensure stability. Tantalum capacitors are remote control states. The mechanical switch or semicon- not recommended for this application, due to their low ESR ductor should be capable of sinking up to 1.0 mA over the value. This capacitor is not required when powering the con- input voltage range of the converter. verter from a low impedance source with short, low-induc- tance, input power leads. —13— POWER GENERAL HDQ1-100 Series Operating Information (Continued) HDQ1-100-5R0D HDQ1-100-5R0D Upward Downward Output Voltage Output Voltage Adjustment Adjustment HDQ1-100-3R3D HDQ1-100-3R3D Upward Downward Output Voltage Output Voltage Adjustment Adjustment HDQ1-100-2R5D HDQ1-100-2R5D Upward Downward Output Voltage Output Voltage Adjustment Adjustment HDQ1-100-1R8D HDQ1-100-1R8D Upward Downward Output Voltage Output Voltage Adjustment Adjustment —14— POWER GENERAL HDQ1-100 Series Operating Information (Continued) Parallel Operation for Redundancy 100 µF for each ampere of output current can be used with- out additional analysis. For example, with a 20A, max., The drawing below shows how n+1 redundancy can be power converter, values of decoupling capacitance of up to achieved. The diodes at the power converter outputs allow a 3,000 µF can be used without regard to stability. With larger failed unit to remove itself from the shared group without values of capacitance, the load transient recovery time can pulling down the common output bus. This configuration can exceed the specified value. As much of the capacitance as be extended to additional numbers of HDQ converters, possible should be outside of the remote sensing loop and which can be controlled individually or in groups with appro- close to the load. The absolute maximum value of output priate signals to the converters’ remote control pins. capacitance is 10,000 µF. If use of values larger than this is under consideration, consult Power General applications engineering. Quality Reliability The calculated MTBF of the HDQ converter family is 1.8 mil- lion hours, using Bellcore TR-332 methodology. The calcula- tion is valid for a +85°C baseplate temperature. Quality Systems HD power converters are designed and manufactured in an industrial environment where quality systems and methods such as ISO9000 and SPC are intensively used to enhance the company’s continuous improvement strategy. Infant mor- tality or early failures in the products are screened out. All Output Capacitance products are subjected to burn-in and ATE-based final test. Conservative design rules, strict design reviews, exacting When powering loads with significant dynamic current component qualifications, and a competent, experienced and requirements, voltage regulation at the load can be improved engaged work force contribute to the high quality of Power by the addition of decoupling capacitance. The most effec- General products. tive technique is to install low-ESR ceramic capacitors as close to the load as possible, using several capacitors to Warranty lower the effective ESR. These ceramic capacitors will han- Power General warrants to the original purchaser that the dle short-duration, high-frequency components of the products conform to this data sheet and are free from mater- dynamic current requirement. In addition, larger capacitance ial and workmanship defects for a period of two (2) years values, supplied by electrolytic capacitors, should be used to from the date of manufacture, if the product is used within handle mid-frequency components. It is equally important to specified conditions and not opened. use good design practices when configuring the dc distribu- tion system. Low-resistance and low-inductance PCB lay- Limitation of Liability outs and cabling should be used. When using remote sens- ing, all resistance, inductance and capacitance of the distrib- Power General makes no other warranties, expressed or ution system is within the feedback loop of the power con- implied, including any warranty of merchantability or fitness verter. This can negatively affect the converter’s compensa- for a particular purpose (including, but not limited to, use in tion circuitry and the resulting stability and dynamic response life-support applications, where malfunctions of product can performance. As a rule of thumb, a capacitance value of cause injury to a person’s health or life). Specifications are subject to change without notice. PG/ACAD